Proseminar Reading Schedule

SEP 2	Topic: Course Introduction Introductions Course websites: alfino.org and wiki Grading Schemes Peerceptiv. Google forms Philosophical Research Tools
SEP 9	Topics: A. Historiography in Philosophy B. Philosophical Methods and Research (1/4) Readings: Hadot, "Spiritual Exercises," and "Philosophy as a Way of Life;" Deleuze, "What is Philosophy?" Focus: With Hadot we're getting both a conception of philosophy and a thesis about the period of Hellenistic philosophy, so please track those topics. Track Hadot's notion of "spiritual exercises," with examples. "Philosophy as a Way of Life" should help us address Hadot's view about philosophy. Deleuze is a contemporary postmodern philosopher. Read about him a bit before trying to read the assigned reading. He's telling us something subtle, I think, about the nature of philosophy by identifying it with concepts. The contrast between them is so dramatic that we will have ample opportunity to develop our own definitions. Our work on Philosophical Methods and Research will focus on a review of argument theory.
SEP 16	Topics: A. Science and Philosophy B. Philosophical Methods and Research: Reconstruction, Deductive and Inductive Reasoning, Problem of Induction Readings: Schick and Vaughn, "Science and Its Pretenders;" Giere, "Understanding and Evaluating Theoretical Hypotheses"; Barnes, Chs. 16 and 17, "Natural Science in the 16th and 17th Centuries" and "The Impact of the New Intellectual Order on Philosophy and Education"; Bryson, Chapter 1 from A Short History of Nearly Everything, "How to Build a Universe" p. 9-28. Focus: The goal of this set of reading is to give you a sophisticated mainstream model of science and it's difference from non-science. Schick and Vaughn and Giere provide this. In Schick and Vaughn, focus on what a scientific hypothesis is and how it is evaluated. Consider the "criteria of adequacy" at the end of that article. In Giere, follow the story about Watson and Crick, but pay particular attention to the model of science in figure 2.9. The Barnes reading is more of a cultural history of science. Note the role of scientific socieities, the relation between science and university, and of course, follow the substantive discoveries that make up the scientific revolution. Barnes does a good job of showing you the incredible range of discovery, but don't feel like you need to be able to answer questions about all of these developments. With Bryson, you get some contemporary popular science writing that may turn out to have a philosophical use. Enjoy it. Read Chapter 2 if you have time. Method: Argument terms; Distinction between induction and deduction; reconstruction; explanation vs. argument.
SEP 23	Topics: A. Philosophy vs. Non-Philosophy Readings: Alfino, "Casual Sampler of Philosophical Openings"; Alfino, "Short Anthology of Non-academic Philosophy"; Focus:With the "Casual Sampler" just try to get a sense of the presuppositions about philosophy that come through the rhetoric. The anthology is a bit long, so you might need to sample it. Try to look at a variety of forms (story, essay, poem...) and think about whether and how philosophy can be done in literary forms. Method: review deductive, inductive and explanatory forms, validity, and assessing rationales.
SEP 30	Topic: A. Obligations to Aid and Globalization of Ethics B. Philosophical Methods and Research C. Student Research Projects Readings: Singer; "Rich and Poor;" Singer, from One World, Chapter 1 and 5, "A Changing World" and "One Community"; Jeffrey Sachs, "Can the Rich Afford to Help the Poor?" Focus:Singer's "Rich and Poor" is a pretty famous essay. It comes to us at a good time for our work on method. Try to reconstruct the argument the way we discussed in class last week. The more recent work from Singer mixes ethics and politics with a view of globalization. Focus Singer's account of the "new world order" and try to notice the role it plays in his argument. What is his view of the nation state? Reconstruct his basic argument that we should not based our ethics on the nation state. Jeffrey Sach's chapter helps update the data in Singer's viewpoint. Sachs will update you about the millennium development goals, tell you something about the structure of international aid, and the capacity of the US to contribute. Method: Deductive Structure; Validity; Basic Research.
OCT 7	Topic: A. Thought Experiments B. Genetic Engineering and Transhumanism Readings: Schick and Vaughn, "The Laboratory of the Mind;" Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "Thought Experiments"; Thompson, Judith Jarvis, "A Defense of Abortion"; Glover, "What Sort of People Should There Be?"; Nick Bostrom and Transhumanism (browse online, especially The Transhumanist FAQ and report links) Focus: The main idea from both of the first two readings is to understand what a thought experiment is, why philosophers claim they are useful, and why others disagree. Thompson's famous abortion essay will be our case study since it has a battery of thought experiments. Track Glover's argument. Bostrom takes us into the outfield.
OCT 14	Topic: A. Kant as Turning Point Readings: Kenny, "Descartes to Kant"; Scruton, Ch 10: Kant I; Focus: Focus on Kenny in the following chunks: 105-145 (Descartes and Locke), read carefully; 145-158 Spinoza and Leibniz (frankly, this will be more obscure to some of you and you don't need the details; 158-166 Hume - read this carefully; 166-192 Kant -- try to get the big picture of Kant's project and then follow as much detail as you find interesting (you'll get this again). With the Kenny chapter you're getting a mini history of Modern philosophy, the last thirty pages of which is a more detailed view of Kant than you need, but a darn good summary for majors. Try to hang on. It will make Scruton easier. With the Scruton chapter on Kant, please slow down and try to follow Scruton's account of Kant as "game changer". That will be our theme. And we'll make a big timeline and eat dessert!
OCT 21	Topic: A. Faith and Reason B. Contemporary treatment of Religion Readings: Pope John Paul II, "Fides et Ratio" (Pope John Paul II, "Fides et Ratio" [1]); Michael Tkacz, "Faith, Reason, and Science: The View from the Catholic Tradition;" Barrett, "Cognitive Science of Religion"; Sosis, "The Adaptive Value of Religion" Focus:You might want to start your preparation by browsing the problem of faith and reason in some reference sources. Also, read about Steven Jay Gould's NOMA hypothesis since Dr. Tkacz refers to it. Also, look up "fideism." Fides et Ratio is 60 pages long, but the style of writing should help you focus on the evidence for the Pope's argument. Our task will be to reconcile the views of faith and reason in the readings. The second group of readings introduces you to some contemporary work on religion from the social and natural sciences. This work is challenging to people with faith commmitments in various ways.
OCT 28	Topic: A. Introduction to the Continental / Analytic Division B. Methods Test Readings: Scruton, "Continental Philosophy from Fichte to Sartre"; Jones, "Phenomenological Method"; Nagel, "What is It Like to Be a Bat?"; Dennett "What it is Like to Be a Bat"; Focus:
NOV 4	Topic: Philosophy of Law Readings: Fuller, "The Case of the Speluncean Explorers"; Fletcher, "Reflections on Felony Murder"; "The Controversial Felony Murder Case of The Elkhart 4: Should Teens Be Sentenced to 50 Years in Prison?" [2] Advocacy site: Free the Elkhart 4 [3]; "'Hiccup Girl' convicted in felony murder case, gets life term" [4] Focus: text
NOV 11	Topic:A. Naturalism: Evolution, and Epistemology B. Methods Test Tonight! Readings: Dennett Chs 1-3; Papineau, "Physicalism" -- David Papineau on Physicalism, Philosophy Bytes Focus: In Dennett Ch. 1, try to identify the idea that it was so hard for modern philosophers to think. In Ch. 2, focus on natural selection as algorithmic. In Ch. 3, Dennett traces some of the philosophical consequences of a generalized Darwinian style of explanation. We should also try to understand the skyhook and crane metaphor and some about the still controversial Baldwin Effect.
NOV 18	Buddhism and Personal Identity Readings: Siderits, Chapter Two "Early Buddhism: Basic Teachings"; Chapter Three, "Non-Self: Empty Persons"; Rauhut, Chapter 5, "The Problem of Personal Identity" Focus: Tonight's readings offer you two topic under very different teachings. Not only do you get a philosophical reconstruction of Buddhism, but a treatment of the problem of personal identity in that tradition, broadly. Then we can approach the problem of personal identity on our own, in part two of the evening, after preparing ourselves with the Rauhut summary of major positions.
NOV 25	Pre-Thanksgiving Class - Some student conferences
DEC 2	Topic: Food and Philosophy Readings: Please watch Food, Inc. if you haven't, and, if you have time, watch it again. The main readings are Tannahill, Food in History (Chapter 4: The First Civilizations); Gratzer, Terrors of the Table (Chapter 10: Fads and Quacks); Moss, Sugar, Salt, Fat (Chatper 4: Is it Cereal or Candy?); Pollan, In Defense of Food (Introduction and Chapter 1, p. 19-33). Focus: The video documentary "Food, Inc." gives and efficient introduction to a now well developed critique of the American Food System. But we need multiple frames and perspectives to get to the philosophy. In the Tannahill reading, I'm especially interested in the discussion of food purity in relation to religion at the end of the chapter. Though the discover of beer and leavening is worth a moment of gratitude. Gratzer gives you a bit more contemporary history of vegetarianism and meatism as fads, among others. For me this brings out an ideological dimension in food culture, but also raises the question of why food is susceptible to such fads, even for Linus Pauling. Moss brings us contemporary journalism from the food industry (after a retelling of the cereal industry's history), showing the dynamics between critics, government, and industry, and popular opinion, especially in the 1970's "cereal wars". Finally, Pollan presents something close to a food philosophy in In Defense of Food. You have the first 30 pages or so to gather his argument. I hope this is enough to make you all popular around the Thanksgiving table!
DEC 9	Final Symposium Free Will Readings: Rahut, Chapter 4, "Free Will" Focus: Come this final philosopher's symposium with a view about free will (use Rahut to introduce yourself to the basic positions) and a view about the nature of philosophy. How has your view of philosophy changed as you are moving into or through the major? Compare how you thought about philosophy before you started studying it much to now.