Difference between revisions of "Tem"

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==4: SEP 16==
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==6: SEP 17==
  
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===Assigned Reading and Writing===
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===Assigned===
  
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:*Nestle, Marion. Chapter 2, Politics Versus Science -- opposing the food pyramind, 1991-1992 (pp. 51-66).
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:*Sapolsky, Chapter 10: The Evolution of Human Behavior 328-387 (59). For this class read only pages 354-387. Use notes above also for part two of this chapter.
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:*US Dietary Guidelines (150) (browse with worksheet questions in mind).
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:*Writing: Sapolsky Question
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:*The Lancet, Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat
 
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:*American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
 
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:*Note: The remainder of this unit consists of three chapters on nutrition, which we will time to the end of the next three units.
 
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:*Self-Assessment of Diet in Relation to USDGs (Points, ungraded, analytic, short writing)
 
  
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===Some terms to track from today's class===
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===Short Writing Assignment #1: Evolution and Social Behavior (600 words)===
  
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:*dietary transition
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:*'''Stage 1''': Please write an 600 word maximum answer to the following question by '''September 21, 2020 11:59pm.'''
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:*healthy eating patterns
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::*Topic: In "The Evolution of Social Behavior," Robert Sapolsky reviews the resources in evolutionary theory for explaining social behaviors like cooperation and group behavior.  In a 600 word essay, answer this question: "Drawing on resources from this chapter, how does an evolutionist explain how cooperation and other moral behaviors start and are sustained in a human community?"  Give examples of processes which promote or impede moral behaviors. Be sure to consider how humans both fit and do not fit evolutionary patterns which apply to other animals.  How does Sapolsky explain this? 
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:*nutrient dense
 
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:*Permissive guidance "health intake of added sugars"  
 
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:*Regulatory capture
 
  
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===Nestle, "Chapter 2: Politics Versus Science -- opposing the food pyramind, 1991-1992"===
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:*'''Advice about collaboration''': I encourage you to collaborate with other students, but only up to the point of sharing ideas, references to class notes, and your own notes.  Collaboration is part of the academic process and the intellectual world that college courses are based on, so it is important to me that you have the possibility to collaborate.  It's a great way to make sure that a high average level of learning and development occurs.  The best way to avoid plagiarism is to NOT share text of draft answers or outlines of your answer.  Keep it verbal.  Generate your own examples. 
  
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:*Tells the story of the blocked printing of the '''1991 Eating Right Pyramid'''.  Lots of drama and intrigue!
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:*Prepare your answer and submit it in the following way:
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:*Meat and Dairy did not appreciate being "narrowed" in the pyramid.  
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::# '''Do not put your name in the file or filename'''.  You may put your student id number in the file.  Put a word count in the file.
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:*She highlights the USDA mandate (over HEW) after 1977 to produce nutrition information, the tension between that agency and then "HEW" (health education and welfare), (now DHHS) where the Surgeon General was.   
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::# In Word, check "File" and "Options" to make sure your name does not appear as author.  You may want to change this to "anon" for this document.
 +
::# Format your answer in double spaced text in a 12 point font, using normal margins.
 +
::# Save the file in the ".docx" file format using the file name "Sapolsky".
 +
::# Log in to courses.alfino.org.  Upload your file to the '''Points dropbox'''.   
  
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:*53: specific law in 1988 preventing DHHS from issuing nutritional advice that might adversely affect agricultural interests.
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:*'''Stage 2''': Please evaluate '''four''' student answers and provide brief comments and a score. Review the [[Assignment Rubric]] for this exercise.  We will be using the Flow and Content areas of the rubric for this assignment. Complete your evaluations and scoring by '''TBD, 11:59pm.''' 
 +
::*Use [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf1_WeGn0XsNxLPgHixmA88gbNp4lLcYxvxIs0bSEVLgHvP8A/viewform?usp=sf_link this Google Form] to evaluate '''four''' peer papers.  The papers will be in our shared folder, but please '''do not''' edit or add comments to the papers directly.  This will compromise your anonymity.
  
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:*54-55: documents the development of the 1988 pyramid.  Clearly a multi-year process with lots of professional review.
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::*To determine the papers you need to peer review, I will send you a key with animal names in alphabetically order, along with saint names.  You will find your animal name and review the next four (4) animals' work.
  
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:*p. 55.  Specific design process for the pyramid.  Compare other countries approaches.  [http://www.eufic.org/en/healthy-living/article/food-based-dietary-guidelines-in-europe].  Compare to current US Dietary Guidelines for 2015-2020.  [https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/]  [https://www.thedailymeal.com/travel/food-pyramids-around-world-slideshow/slide-5]
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::*Some papers may arrive late.  If you are in line to review a missing paper, allow a day or two for it to show up.  If it does not show up, go ahead and review enough papers to get to four reviews.  This assures that you will get enough "back evaluations" of your work to get a good average for your peer review credit.  (You will also have an opportunity to challenge a back evaluation score of your reviewing that is out of line with the others.)
  
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:*the controversy over the pyramid was mostly about the diminished size of the meat group and it's proximity to the sugar, fats, and oils.  If you look at the previous chapter's image of the "Basic Four" design, meat and dairy were "in front" and "on top" of the image.  The ensuing controversy had partly to do with gov't officials dodging responsibility for the nutritionists work.
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:*'''Stage 3''': I will grade and briefly comment on your writing using the peer scores as an initial ranking.  Assuming the process works normally, I will give you the higher of the two grades.  Up to 14 points.
  
 +
:*'''Stage 4''': Back-evaluation: After you receive your peer comments and my evaluation, take a few minutes to fill out this quick "back evaluation" rating form: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1kD1wkd1G0UuLIvtSPhEw4RUxZuJtLQJ31ZWkKA63WU4/edit].  '''Fill out the form for each reviewer, but not Alfino.'''  Up to 10 points, in Points.
  
 +
::*Back evaluations are due '''TBD, 11:59pm'''.
  
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===USDGs, Lancet, and AmAcad of Nutrition===
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===Sapolsky, Chapter 10: The Evolution of Human Behavior 354-387===
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:*'''US Dietary Guidelines''' -- Paging through the guidelines, what new ways of representing health eating patterns do you find that supplement our nutrition study?
 
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::*Note letter from both USDA and HHS
 
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::*more use of phrase "healthy eating pattern" "nutrient dense" 
 
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::*xv: Guidelines at a glance
 
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::*Lots of survey data on diet in the population.
 
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::*p. 18: Table 1-1: note classification of protein foods (!)  protein is still the master macronutrient in our cultural perception of dietetics.  also p. 51
 
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::*p. 28: Why start a section on "Added Sugars" with a subheading "Healthy Intake"? -- it's a permissive guide.
 
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:*'''The Lancet -- "Carcinogenicity of Consumption of Red and Processed Meat"'''
 
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::*Major conclusions, evidence, authoritativeness
 
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:::*curing, frying, grilling and barbequing produce carcinogenic chemical
 
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:::*17% increase risk of colon cancer at 100/grams of red meat and 18% for 50 grams of processed meats.
 
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::*Note mechanistic evidence for red meat strong, for processed meat moderate.
 
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::*What are the specific thresholds and risk factors by consumption?
 
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:::*Many hundreds of studies across many countries. less certainty about the red meat conclusion from epidemiological data, though mechanistic evidence seemed stronger for red meat. Note studies on second page.  More on HAA and PHA, which are chemicals formed at high heats that we often cook meat. 
 
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:*'''American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Position on Vegetarian Diets'''
 
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::*What is the overall assessment of the Academy of the healthiness vegetarian and vegan diets?
 
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:::*bio availablity of iron lower for vegs, but not all bad.  No longer higher DRI for iron due to new evidence 
 
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::*What are the major recommendations for dietary supplementation or monitoring?
 
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:::*Vit D, B12, maybe calcium, (but these are common supplements for non-vegs as well)
 
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::*To what degree do low and no-meat diets reduce your risk of Western Dietary Diseases?  12ff: long list of health benefits. Please read through this part especially.
 
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:*Note: effect of both the Lancet and Academy articles:  most of benefits from veg diet available to low-meat diet, most of hazards of high meat diet concentrated on red & processed meat.
 
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===Self-Assessment of USDGs, either in relation to your diet or generally. (Points, ungraded, analytic, short writing)===
 
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:*Please write a paragraph (of no more than 500 words) in answer to the ONE of the following questions by '''September September 18, 2020, 11:59pm.'''  Include your word count in your answer.
 
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:*1. After reading through the USDGs (and Lancet article), identify aspects of your diet as they relate to both norms and recommendations.  Are you a typical American eater, as defined by the USDGs?  If not, where do you differ from the norms?
 
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:*2. After reading through the USDGs (and Lancet article), identify norming data that you think documents some of the Americans' most unhealthy eating habits.  Is there evidence of improvement in any areas? 
 
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:**[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe-n0xSj1ghmGXUh1NYApOs0XvigRC7JevOtsqcRe7n4TdkFA/viewform?usp=sf_link Follow this link to a google form when you are ready to post].
 

Revision as of 20:02, 17 September 2020

6: SEP 17

Assigned

  • Sapolsky, Chapter 10: The Evolution of Human Behavior 328-387 (59). For this class read only pages 354-387. Use notes above also for part two of this chapter.
  • Writing: Sapolsky Question

Short Writing Assignment #1: Evolution and Social Behavior (600 words)

  • Stage 1: Please write an 600 word maximum answer to the following question by September 21, 2020 11:59pm.
  • Topic: In "The Evolution of Social Behavior," Robert Sapolsky reviews the resources in evolutionary theory for explaining social behaviors like cooperation and group behavior. In a 600 word essay, answer this question: "Drawing on resources from this chapter, how does an evolutionist explain how cooperation and other moral behaviors start and are sustained in a human community?" Give examples of processes which promote or impede moral behaviors. Be sure to consider how humans both fit and do not fit evolutionary patterns which apply to other animals. How does Sapolsky explain this?
  • Advice about collaboration: I encourage you to collaborate with other students, but only up to the point of sharing ideas, references to class notes, and your own notes. Collaboration is part of the academic process and the intellectual world that college courses are based on, so it is important to me that you have the possibility to collaborate. It's a great way to make sure that a high average level of learning and development occurs. The best way to avoid plagiarism is to NOT share text of draft answers or outlines of your answer. Keep it verbal. Generate your own examples.
  • Prepare your answer and submit it in the following way:
  1. Do not put your name in the file or filename. You may put your student id number in the file. Put a word count in the file.
  2. In Word, check "File" and "Options" to make sure your name does not appear as author. You may want to change this to "anon" for this document.
  3. Format your answer in double spaced text in a 12 point font, using normal margins.
  4. Save the file in the ".docx" file format using the file name "Sapolsky".
  5. Log in to courses.alfino.org. Upload your file to the Points dropbox.
  • Stage 2: Please evaluate four student answers and provide brief comments and a score. Review the Assignment Rubric for this exercise. We will be using the Flow and Content areas of the rubric for this assignment. Complete your evaluations and scoring by TBD, 11:59pm.
  • Use this Google Form to evaluate four peer papers. The papers will be in our shared folder, but please do not edit or add comments to the papers directly. This will compromise your anonymity.
  • To determine the papers you need to peer review, I will send you a key with animal names in alphabetically order, along with saint names. You will find your animal name and review the next four (4) animals' work.
  • Some papers may arrive late. If you are in line to review a missing paper, allow a day or two for it to show up. If it does not show up, go ahead and review enough papers to get to four reviews. This assures that you will get enough "back evaluations" of your work to get a good average for your peer review credit. (You will also have an opportunity to challenge a back evaluation score of your reviewing that is out of line with the others.)
  • Stage 3: I will grade and briefly comment on your writing using the peer scores as an initial ranking. Assuming the process works normally, I will give you the higher of the two grades. Up to 14 points.
  • Stage 4: Back-evaluation: After you receive your peer comments and my evaluation, take a few minutes to fill out this quick "back evaluation" rating form: [1]. Fill out the form for each reviewer, but not Alfino. Up to 10 points, in Points.
  • Back evaluations are due TBD, 11:59pm.

Sapolsky, Chapter 10: The Evolution of Human Behavior 354-387

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