Difference between revisions of "JAN 18"

From Alfino
Jump to navigationJump to search
(Created page with "==3: JAN 18== ===Assigned=== :*Hibbing, John R., Kevin Smith, and John R. Alford, ''Predisposed: Liberals, conservatives, and the biology of political difference'', Chapter...")
 
m
Line 1: Line 1:
==3: JAN 18==
+
==1. JAN 18: Course Introduction==
  
===Assigned===
+
:*Welcome - personal introduction and welcome.
  
:*Hibbing, John R., Kevin Smith, and John R. Alford, ''Predisposed: Liberals, conservatives, and the biology of political difference'', Chapter 1, "Living with the Enemy". (32)
+
===About the Course (course content and research questions)===
:*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrvtOWEXDIQ PBS Aristotle and Virtue Theory: Crash Course Philosophy #38]
 
  
===In-class content===
+
:*What's so exciting about studying food deeply at this time?  Start a list....
 +
:*[[Philosophy of Food Course Research Questions]]
 +
:*Disciplines represented in the course: gastronomy, food history, bio-history, evolutionary psych, economics, politics, nutrition, microbiology, soil agronomy, food ethics.
 +
:*Major Course Topics (see reading list): Microbiome, Macro-nutrition, Dietary Guidelines, Western Industrial Diet, Gastronomy, Food philosophy, Food History, Food and Animal Ethics, Environment and Agriculture, Food and Power, Food and Religion, Organic Diets and Organic/sustainable agriculture.
 +
:*Major Course Units:
 +
::*1. Food, Health, and Nutrition
 +
::*2. Critique of the US / Industrial Food System
 +
::*3. Gastronomy, Neurogastronomy, and Dietary Change
 +
::*4. Food Culture
 +
::*5. Ethical Issues in Food
 +
::*6. The Future of Food - (and a brief look at the history of agriculture)
 +
:*Practical Outcomes for you from the course:  This is an academic course, but you have the option of doing a "practicum" involving specific goals you may have for your personal diet and practical approach to food.  This has been added to your default grading scheme, but it is an optional assignment.  You could do a Research Paper instead.  (Student Introductions)
  
:*Lecture Segment: Philosophical Theories: Virtue Ethics
+
===About the Course (technical information and course management)===
:*Lecture Segment: Some Preliminaries about Ethical theory and objectivity
 
  
===Some Preliminaries about Objectivity in Ethics and Features of Ethical Discourse===
+
:*Course Websites: Wiki & Courses.alfino.org (linked from alfino.org).  How to log in.
  
:*A Framework for thinking about moral theories.
+
:*'''Overview of Teaching Approach.''' 
 +
::*1. '''Grading Schemes'''. 
 +
:::*Required Assignments and Default Grade Weights for your Grading Scheme
 +
::::*Points 30-65% Default: 40%
 +
::::*Philosophy of Food Practicum or Research Paper 10-25%. Default: 20%
 +
::::*Ethics of Food 10-20% Default: 15%
 +
::::*Final Paper 15-35% Default: 25%
 +
:::*You will be able to make some choices about what you are graded on and the weight of different assignments.  This is your "grading scheme." You can customize up to 35% of your grading scheme to suite your learning style or motivations in the course. You will also have some grade information about "Points" assignments that will allow you to raise or lower the weight of "Points".  This allows you to work on early difficulties without a big effect on your final grade. 
 +
::*2. '''Transparency of student work and grades'''. 
 +
:::*In this course we use pseudonyms to allow sharing of grade information and student work - You will see most of the writing and scoring for required writing assignments, including my assessments of other student's work. This has many benefits.  (Show ids and grade pseudonyms.)
 +
::*3. '''Approach to Developing Expression (Verbal and Written) '''.
 +
:::*a. '''Looking at reading comprehension'''.  I no longer use reading quizes, but you should compare your "recall" from reading in class with others'.  Comment on reading comprehension and its role in performance.
 +
:::*b. '''Learning to assess writing'''.  Writers improve when they acquire skills in evaluating their own and others' writing.  We will cultivate these skills directly and through peer review.
 +
:::*c. '''Building from small, short writing, to longer, more complex writing'''.  The writing skills in this course are sequenced and early assignments give you performance information without affecting your grade much.  (Some student introductions.)
  
::*Where should we look for "moral goodness"?
+
:*'''Succeeding in the Course:'''
:::*Intentions (Kantian),  
+
::*There is no final exam in this course, so your success depends upon demonstrating the philosophical skills we build toward in required and optional assignments. 
:::*Person (a virtuous person) (Aristotle),
+
::*'''Prep Cycle''' - view reading notes as you are reading, read, note, evaluate preparation against other students' access to reading content in class and small discussions. Hierarchy of skills and goals.
:::*Consequences (Mill, Singer - Utilitarian)
+
::*'''Reading''' - Keep track of the time you spend reading for the course.  Mark a physical text. Contact me if your reading quiz scores are not what you expect.  There are lots of ways to improve your reading skills. 
 +
::*'''Speaking and Discussion''' - Don't underestimate the importance of practicing the articulation of your views.  This happens in class together and in small groups.  Speaking well is at least as important as writing well.  Small group discussions provide your most extensive opportunities to improve your articulateness ahead of writing assignments.
 +
::*'''Writing''' - We will train on the rubric early on, you will be able to read lots of other students' writing and compare scores, and discuss your writing with me, especially during office hours.  Because everything is transparent, you can compare your work to slightly higher and lower evaluated student work.  This often leads to productive office hour discussions. (Some student introductions.)
  
:*The following is pretty standard, but was drawn from Peter Singer's classic, ''Practical Ethics'':
+
===Food Biographies: 1st Writing and Dropbox practice===
  
:*Question to keep in mind for the next 5 minutes: When Haidt was showing that there was cultural variation in the way people make the "Harm / Convention" distinction, was he embracing "bad relativism"?
+
:*Please write a 200-300 word maximum answer to the following question by '''Friday, January 21, 2023, 11:59pm.'''  This assignment will give us some initial writing to look at and give you practice with the dropbox protocol for turning in pseudonymous writing in the course. For this assignment, the writing itself is ungraded, but you will receive 18 points for following the instructions accurately and meeting the deadline.
  
:*Singer's arguments against cultural relativism:
+
::*Topic: What kind of eater are you? How would you describe your relationship to food? The following questions are meant to help you develop your answer.  Do not answer the questions directly, but prepare a well-written paragraph drawing on some of the questions that are relevant to you.
  
::*Cultural Relativism (the old discussion): Ethics varies by culture. Singer: This is true and false, same act under different conditions may have different value, but this is '''superficial relativism'''. For example, existence of birth control led to a general change in sexual ethics. The moral principle in question (don't have kids you're not ready to care for) might remain the same and be objective, but the prohibition on casual sex might change. 
+
:*Here are some prompts for you to consider as you prepare your food biographies:
 +
::*How would you describe your diet? What categories of foods will you eat or not?  On principle or preference?
 +
::*Do you like foods related to your ethnicity? Do you cook?
 +
::*How important or prominent is food in your memory as a child or your current life or both?
 +
::*Do you engage in food related social media activity?
 +
::*Are you a good cook?  Do you dance when you cook?
 +
::*Did your parents or guardians cook from scratch for you?  Did they cook? Did you learn to cook?
 +
::*How knowledgeable are you about nutrition?  Is your experience of food connected to concerns about nutrition and dietary disease or not so much?
  
::*Note: There is strong polling data on advisability of living together prior to marriage.  Now, yes; 60 years ago, no.  So cultural change itself doesn't tell you whether moral principles are changing. 
+
::*Topic:  
  
::*Subjectivist Relativism - This position may not be held by any thoughtful person, but it sounds like what some people say when they start studying values and becomes confused or cynical.
+
::# To assure anonymity, you must remove your name from the the "author name" that you may have provided when you set up your word processing application. For instructions on removing your name from an Word or Google document, [[https://wiki.gonzaga.edu/alfino/index.php/Removing_your_name_from_a_Word_file click here]]. 3 points.
:::*The Position: "Wrong" means "I disapprove" or "my society disapproves")
+
::# Format your answer in double spaced text, in a typical 12 point font, and using normal margins. Do not add spaces between paragraphs. Indent the first line of each paragraph.  3 points
:::*The Problems:
+
::# '''Do not put your name in the file or filename'''.  You may put your student ID number in the file, but '''not in the filename'''Always put a word count in the file. Save your file for this assignment with the name: FoodBio. '''Save it as a .docx file'''. 3 points.
::::*If this sort of relativism is true, polls could determine ethicsBut they don't.
+
::# To turn in your assignment, log into courses.alfino.org, click on the "#0 1st Writing and Dropbox practice" dropbox. 3 points
::::*Deep subjectivism can't making sense of disagreement. Ethics is a kind of conversation.
+
::# If you cannot meet a deadline, you must email me about your circumstances (unless you are having an emergency) '''before''' the deadline or you will lose points. 3 points
::::*There is just too much research suggesting that "I approve" isn't philosophical "rock bottom".
 
  
:*Singer: Ok to say the values aren't objective like physics (aren't facts about the world), but not sensible to deny the meaningfulness of moral disagreement and ethical reasoning.
+
===To Do List from 1st Day===
  
:*An evolutionist's twist: A society's ethical culture can produce positive, neutral, or negative outcomes for human flourishingIn this sense, values have objective consequences in meeting selection pressures (both natural and cultural). (Vax values, for example.)
+
:*Make sure you can find the two course websites and that you understand what information and tools each providesLook at some of the links on the main wiki page and shared folder.
 +
:*Fill out the "First Day Food Survey" if you did not do so in class.
 +
:*Write up your Food Biography and submit it (up to 15 points). (see wiki notes)
 +
:*Make plans to visit during office hours to discuss your Practicum or Research option some time in the next two weeks.
 +
:*Monday's assigned work.
 +
:*Keep an eye out for Food News!
  
:*Are there minimum conditions for ethical theories? (Or, What kind of conversation is ethics?)
+
===Some Food Books I'm looking at now===
  
::*The sorts of reasons that count as ethical: '''universalizable''' ones. Can't just appeal to one person or group's interest.  Note: most standard ethical theories satisfy this requirement, yet yield different analysis and advice.  We will look at the specific form of universalization in each theory we discuss, but you could say this is a kind of defining feature of ethical discourse.
+
:*Here are a couple of recent books that I'll report more on as we go:
 
+
::*The Book of Difficult Fruit [https://www.amazon.com/Book-Difficult-Fruit-Arguments-recipes/dp/0374110328/ref=asc_df_0374110328/?tag=hyprod-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=459694068929&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=4266219447641989629&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9033781&hvtargid=pla-943793405403&psc=1]
===Hibbing, et. al. ''Predisposed'' Chapter 1===
+
::*You Just Need to Lose Weight [https://www.amazon.com/You-Just-Need-Lose-Weight-ebook/dp/B09XM4GG74/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2VS8CYGJ5RH1G&keywords=You+Just+Need+to+Lose+Weight&qid=1674078268&s=books&sprefix=you+just+need+to+lose+weight%2Cstripbooks%2C119&sr=1-1]
 
+
::*Nosedive [https://www.amazon.com/Nose-Dive-Field-Worlds-Smells/dp/1594203954/ref=sr_1_2?crid=38VXTBNABDK8P&keywords=NOsedive&qid=1674078302&s=books&sprefix=nosedive%2Cstripbooks%2C119&sr=1-2]
:*'''Some opening examples of the persistence of partisanship'''
+
::*Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers [https://www.amazon.com/Why-Zebras-Dont-Ulcers-Stress-Related-ebook/dp/B0037NX018/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2VT4EWUJ3WJCN&keywords=Why+Zebras+Don%27t+Get+Ulcers&qid=1674078336&s=books&sprefix=why+zebras+don%27t+get+ulcers%2Cstripbooks%2C113&sr=1-1]
:*opening example: William F. Buckley and Gore Vidal -- meant as example of highly educated partisans who would be able to debate in a civilized way.  60's era political divisions often violent. 
 
:*also historical examples of highly partisan politics -- Hamilton & Adams, Hamilton & Burr (duelled).  Jefferson's dirty tricks. 
 
 
 
:*Goal of the Book:  to explain why people experience and interpret the political world so very differently. Thesis at p. 5: “Our pitch…” (6): list of difference that track political difference.  READ
 
 
 
:*'''A methodological concern'''
 
:*Does it makes sense to reduce political difference to "liberal" vs. "conservative".  They are in fact measuring lots of differences, but claim there is a tradition of recognizing this difference.  11: some terminological issues. Ultimately, labels for clusters of real personality and behavioral differences.
 
 
 
:*Think Probabalistically: not biological determinists, rather real persistent differences shape and mold our ideology.  Example: relation between conscientiousness and ideology 14.  A number of studies replicate a positive correlation bt conscientiousness and conservatism.  Lesson on 15: difference between representing data in categories vs. scatterplot.  Wilson-Patterson index of conservatism.  Brief lesson on correlation, 17.  Correlation for conscientiousness and conservatism small r = .2
 
 
 
:*'''What are predispositions?'''
 
:*Predispositions - "biologically and psychologically instantied defaults that, absent new information or overriding, govern response to given stimuli" (24). 
 
::*Leibniz speculated about "appetitions"
 
::*Neuroscientist Eagleman: brain running alot of its own programs.  Ad hoc defenses (also in Haidt) called "baloney generator" by Pinker.  We may have an illusion of rationality and control.  examples of self-deception like this, p. 21, also top of 22 read. 
 
::*Responses to Political stimuli emotionally salient and not always conscious:  Lodge: "hot cognition" or "automaticity" 
 
::*Predispositions vary qualitatively and by intensity. (Examples among people you know.)
 
::*Note examples from environmental psych on top of p. 21 and top of 22.
 
 
 
:*23: clarifying argument: not nature / nurture. predispositions are difficult to change.  research on long term stability of pol. orientation.  180 degree turn is very unusual. 
 
 
 
'''Technical definition of predispositions''': "Predispositions, then, can be thought of as biologically and psychologically instantiated defaults that, absent new information or conscious overriding, govern response to given stimuli."
 
 
 
:*Our actual predispositions vary, but also the degree to which we have predispositions is variable across a group. (This is one reason researchers in the field sometimes focus on highly partisan test subjects.)
 
 
 
:*25: some background on theorizing about political dispositions.  what is new today is better research, but also research connecting political variation with bio/cog variation.
 
 
 
:*27: resistance to this kind of theory in political science.  Philip Converse.  also, idea that politics is best understood in terms of history and culture
 
 
 
===Philosophical Moral Theories: Virtue Ethics===
 
 
 
:*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrvtOWEXDIQ PBS Aristotle and Virtue Theory: Crash Course Philosophy #38]
 
 
 
:*concepts from video...
 
 
 
::*Virtue — general idea of being an excellent person.  Also, specific lists of virtues (vary by time and culture)
 
 
 
:*A bit of Aristotle’s theory of virtue and human nature:  fixed nature, species eternal, '''proper function (telos),''' distinctive aspect of function: being rational and political.  (Note that modern virtue theorists aren't committed to some of A's false ideas.)
 
 
 
::*Virtue is natural to us.  Like an acorn becoming a tree. Being virtuous is being the best of the kind of thing you are.  A deep intuition supports this developmental approach. (Pause to consider personal examples of the reality of moral development.)
 
 
 
::*Theory of the Golden Mean: Virtue as mean between extremes of emotion:  Ex. Courage (story of stopping the mugger), Honesty, Generosity. (Let's give our own examples.)  Virtue as training of emotional response in relation to knowledge of circumstances and the good.
 
 
 
::*How do you acquire virtue? Experience.  Practical Wisdom cultivated through habituation.  Follow a moral exemplar (virtue coach). Good parenting and shaping by healthy family.  It's a training program in becoming the best human you can be based on your "telos". 
 
 
 
::*What if we don’t want to become virtuous?  What is the motivation to virtue?  The pursuit of a happy life that “goes well”.  Eudaimonia.  Human flourishing.  Challenge and development of talents. Should be attractive. Connection between virtue and happiness not guaranteed for Aristotle, but could be tighter in other versions.
 
 
 
:*Additional points:
 
 
 
::*centrality of virtues and practical wisdom.  Is practical wisdom real? 
 
::*historic variability and list of virtues. Curiosity was a vice in Medieval Europe.  Check out virtue lists on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue Virtue Wiki].
 
 
 
:*From Aristotle to Evolutionary theory.  Eternality of the species.  What if you drop this false belief?  Human excellence may have to do with meeting or exceeding the challenges posed by our environment.  Then the idea that virtues change by time and culture makes more sense.  The pursuit of the good life is the objective and constant part of morality, and the everything that changes is part of the challenge of knowing the human good.
 

Revision as of 22:07, 18 January 2023

1. JAN 18: Course Introduction

  • Welcome - personal introduction and welcome.

About the Course (course content and research questions)

  • What's so exciting about studying food deeply at this time? Start a list....
  • Philosophy of Food Course Research Questions
  • Disciplines represented in the course: gastronomy, food history, bio-history, evolutionary psych, economics, politics, nutrition, microbiology, soil agronomy, food ethics.
  • Major Course Topics (see reading list): Microbiome, Macro-nutrition, Dietary Guidelines, Western Industrial Diet, Gastronomy, Food philosophy, Food History, Food and Animal Ethics, Environment and Agriculture, Food and Power, Food and Religion, Organic Diets and Organic/sustainable agriculture.
  • Major Course Units:
  • 1. Food, Health, and Nutrition
  • 2. Critique of the US / Industrial Food System
  • 3. Gastronomy, Neurogastronomy, and Dietary Change
  • 4. Food Culture
  • 5. Ethical Issues in Food
  • 6. The Future of Food - (and a brief look at the history of agriculture)
  • Practical Outcomes for you from the course: This is an academic course, but you have the option of doing a "practicum" involving specific goals you may have for your personal diet and practical approach to food. This has been added to your default grading scheme, but it is an optional assignment. You could do a Research Paper instead. (Student Introductions)

About the Course (technical information and course management)

  • Course Websites: Wiki & Courses.alfino.org (linked from alfino.org). How to log in.
  • Overview of Teaching Approach.
  • 1. Grading Schemes.
  • Required Assignments and Default Grade Weights for your Grading Scheme
  • Points 30-65% Default: 40%
  • Philosophy of Food Practicum or Research Paper 10-25%. Default: 20%
  • Ethics of Food 10-20% Default: 15%
  • Final Paper 15-35% Default: 25%
  • You will be able to make some choices about what you are graded on and the weight of different assignments. This is your "grading scheme." You can customize up to 35% of your grading scheme to suite your learning style or motivations in the course. You will also have some grade information about "Points" assignments that will allow you to raise or lower the weight of "Points". This allows you to work on early difficulties without a big effect on your final grade.
  • 2. Transparency of student work and grades.
  • In this course we use pseudonyms to allow sharing of grade information and student work - You will see most of the writing and scoring for required writing assignments, including my assessments of other student's work. This has many benefits. (Show ids and grade pseudonyms.)
  • 3. Approach to Developing Expression (Verbal and Written) .
  • a. Looking at reading comprehension. I no longer use reading quizes, but you should compare your "recall" from reading in class with others'. Comment on reading comprehension and its role in performance.
  • b. Learning to assess writing. Writers improve when they acquire skills in evaluating their own and others' writing. We will cultivate these skills directly and through peer review.
  • c. Building from small, short writing, to longer, more complex writing. The writing skills in this course are sequenced and early assignments give you performance information without affecting your grade much. (Some student introductions.)
  • Succeeding in the Course:
  • There is no final exam in this course, so your success depends upon demonstrating the philosophical skills we build toward in required and optional assignments.
  • Prep Cycle - view reading notes as you are reading, read, note, evaluate preparation against other students' access to reading content in class and small discussions. Hierarchy of skills and goals.
  • Reading - Keep track of the time you spend reading for the course. Mark a physical text. Contact me if your reading quiz scores are not what you expect. There are lots of ways to improve your reading skills.
  • Speaking and Discussion - Don't underestimate the importance of practicing the articulation of your views. This happens in class together and in small groups. Speaking well is at least as important as writing well. Small group discussions provide your most extensive opportunities to improve your articulateness ahead of writing assignments.
  • Writing - We will train on the rubric early on, you will be able to read lots of other students' writing and compare scores, and discuss your writing with me, especially during office hours. Because everything is transparent, you can compare your work to slightly higher and lower evaluated student work. This often leads to productive office hour discussions. (Some student introductions.)

Food Biographies: 1st Writing and Dropbox practice

  • Please write a 200-300 word maximum answer to the following question by Friday, January 21, 2023, 11:59pm. This assignment will give us some initial writing to look at and give you practice with the dropbox protocol for turning in pseudonymous writing in the course. For this assignment, the writing itself is ungraded, but you will receive 18 points for following the instructions accurately and meeting the deadline.
  • Topic: What kind of eater are you? How would you describe your relationship to food? The following questions are meant to help you develop your answer. Do not answer the questions directly, but prepare a well-written paragraph drawing on some of the questions that are relevant to you.
  • Here are some prompts for you to consider as you prepare your food biographies:
  • How would you describe your diet? What categories of foods will you eat or not? On principle or preference?
  • Do you like foods related to your ethnicity? Do you cook?
  • How important or prominent is food in your memory as a child or your current life or both?
  • Do you engage in food related social media activity?
  • Are you a good cook? Do you dance when you cook?
  • Did your parents or guardians cook from scratch for you? Did they cook? Did you learn to cook?
  • How knowledgeable are you about nutrition? Is your experience of food connected to concerns about nutrition and dietary disease or not so much?
  • Topic:
  1. To assure anonymity, you must remove your name from the the "author name" that you may have provided when you set up your word processing application. For instructions on removing your name from an Word or Google document, [click here]. 3 points.
  2. Format your answer in double spaced text, in a typical 12 point font, and using normal margins. Do not add spaces between paragraphs. Indent the first line of each paragraph. 3 points
  3. Do not put your name in the file or filename. You may put your student ID number in the file, but not in the filename. Always put a word count in the file. Save your file for this assignment with the name: FoodBio. Save it as a .docx file. 3 points.
  4. To turn in your assignment, log into courses.alfino.org, click on the "#0 1st Writing and Dropbox practice" dropbox. 3 points
  5. If you cannot meet a deadline, you must email me about your circumstances (unless you are having an emergency) before the deadline or you will lose points. 3 points

To Do List from 1st Day

  • Make sure you can find the two course websites and that you understand what information and tools each provides. Look at some of the links on the main wiki page and shared folder.
  • Fill out the "First Day Food Survey" if you did not do so in class.
  • Write up your Food Biography and submit it (up to 15 points). (see wiki notes)
  • Make plans to visit during office hours to discuss your Practicum or Research option some time in the next two weeks.
  • Monday's assigned work.
  • Keep an eye out for Food News!

Some Food Books I'm looking at now

  • Here are a couple of recent books that I'll report more on as we go:
  • The Book of Difficult Fruit [1]
  • You Just Need to Lose Weight [2]
  • Nosedive [3]
  • Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers [4]