Difference between revisions of "OCT 4"

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==11: OCT 4==
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==10: OCT 4==
  
 
===Assigned===
 
===Assigned===
  
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:*Haidt, Chapter 7, "The Moral Foundations of Politics" (34)
+
:*Wilson, Strangers to Ourselves, C9, “Looking Outward to Know ourselves” (20)
 +
:*Wilson, Strangers to Ourselves, C10, “Observing and Changing our Behavior” (18)
  
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===In-class Topics===
+
===Wilson, Chapter 9, "Looking Outward to Know Ourselves"===
  
−
:*Update on SW1 grading, in progress....
+
:*Using 3rd person information to gain self-knowledge. 
−
:*Method Point: Layers of Explanation
+
::*Research as one type of 3rd person information.  (Important caveat about averages.)
 +
:::*Research on ineffectiveness of subliminal ads could correct our mistaken choice for regular ads.  Priming effects occur in the lab, but hard to measure in real life. (Other examples: we routinely talk about being “triggered”. Muting ads.)
 +
:::*Implicit Bias test 188  92-3: really gets into the question of how to explain results.  what's the construct?  Real life implications: white police reacting from their constructs of African-Americans.  Point: We have a model for changing our introspective reports.  Not sufficient to base them on conscious awareness alone. 
  
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===Haidt, Chapter 7, "The Moral Foundations of Politics"===
+
::*Using information from others to modify our "self-theory:
 +
:::*Mike's shyness. (Catching lag times in updating our “self-theory”.)
 +
:::*Cooley: "reflected appraisal" and "looking glass self" p. 195
 +
::*How well do we see what others think about us? (Research looking for discrepancies between our view of how others see us and how others see us.)
 +
:::*Airforce recruits study: .2 correlation. 
 +
::*Should we try to see what other think about us?  Sometimes…
 +
:::*positive illusions
 +
:::*Einstein example: inauspicious beginnings.  (Sometimes a discrepant view of ourselves can be motivating.)
 +
:::*Catherine Dirks, student with too low a view of her abilities. 201
  
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:*Homo economicus vs. Homo sapiens -- column a b -- shows costs of sapiens psych. commitments "taste buds"
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:*For discussion: How do you balance external appraisal with the need to be committed to a self-theory that might usefully include positive illusions?
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:*Note on Innateness and Determinism: "first draft" metaphor; experience revises - pre-wired not hard-wired. innate without being universal.  (Note this is the same anti-determinism disclaimer we got from Hibbing & Co.)
 
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:*Notes on each foundation:
 
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::*'''Care/Harm''' -- evolutionary story of asymmetry between m/f interests/strategies in reproduction, attachment theory (read def). current triggers.  Baby Max and stuffed animals -- triggers. 
 
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:::*Implicit theory about "re-triggering" note red flag.  unexplained. Consider plausibility. 
 
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::*'''Fairness/Cheating''' -- We know we incur obligation when accepting favors. So,... Trivers and reciprocal altruism.  "tit for tat" ; equality vs. proportionality.  Original and current problem is to build coalitions (social networks) without being suckered (exploited).  Focus on your experience of cooperation, trust, and defection (which could just be declining cooperation).  Public goods game research also fits here.  Libs think of fairness more in terms of equality, conservatives more about proportionality.
 
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::*'''Loyalty/Betrayal''' -- Tribalism in story of Eagles/Rattlers.  liberals experience low emphasis here; note claim that this is gendered 139.  sports groupishness is a current trigger.  connected to capacity for violence.  Liberals can come across as disloyal when they think they are just being critical.  Note current culture conflicts over confederate symbols and statues fits here.
 
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::*'''Authority/Subversion''' -- Cab driver story.  Hierarchy in animal and human society; liberals experience this differently also; note cultural work accomplished by the "control role" -- suppression of violence that would occur without hierarchy.  Alan Fiske's work on "Authority Ranking" -- suggest legit recognition of difference and, importantly, not just submission.  Authority relationships are a two way street (maybe esp for conservs?).  Tendency to see UN and international agreements as vote dilution, loss of sov.  (Digressive topic: Should we mark authority relationships more?)
 
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::*'''Sanctity/Degradation''' -- Miewes-Brandes horror. Ev.story: omnivores challenge is to spot foul food and disease (pathogens, parasites).  (Being an omnivore is messy. One should not be surprised to find that vegetarians often appreciate the cleanliness of their diet.) Omnivores dilemma -- benefit from being able to eat wide range of foods, but need to distinguish risky from safe.  neophilia and neophobia.  Images of chastity in religion and public debate.  understanding culture wars.  The ability to “sanctify” something (bodies, environment, principles) is an important current trigger.
 
  
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===Small Group Discussion===
+
===Wilson, Timothy, Chapter 10, "Observing and Changing Our Behavior"===
  
−
:* Haidt introduces the “Cultural Frame” with the move metaphor of “The Matrix”.  Cultures include family and kin, cultures of origin, and national cultures.
+
:*205: People can sometimes infer their internal states just as an outside observer would" 
−
:*'''Questions: '''Does it make sense to talk about "stepping out of a matrix"? Perhaps you have had this experience within US culture as you moved from family culture or the culture of your hometown to college.  Or from international travel. Do you have a parallel story to Haidt's? Share with each other some details of the “cultural frames” you inhabit.
+
::*Note how we "bifurcate" our consciousness at will.  "There you go again..."
 +
::*Bem's self-perception theory: '''If you practice inferring your own internal states from your behavior you might get the sort of insight that you have into other people's internal states.'''  
 +
:*Tension between self-revelation and self-fabrication  (Example of Sarah accepting a date with Peter, whom she didn’t like at first meeting.)
 +
::*Fundamental attribution error, we tend to think of our own behaviors as driven by situational factors whereas we attribute other's behaviors to their character and motivations. (Also an example of using psych research to know ourselves.) 
 +
::*But, under strong situational influence (if you are paid a lot to do something you love, you might eventually lose you sense of internal motivation -- passions become "just a job"). Point: situational influences can lead us to missattribute our internal motivations.  (Lower faculty salaries and you will find out who really “loves” their work.)
 +
::*Ultimately, observing yourself as a third party might be difficult if your "adaptive unconscious" is already "cooking the books" (makes judgements and attributions of behavior).
 +
::*General problem: misattribution of internal states (motivations and beliefs) due to situational cues or influences.  Schaffer and Wheeler study on movie goers, some get adrenaline, some don’t, first group misattributes their movie experience.
  
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===Point on Method in the Course: "Layers of Explanation" or "Frames"===
+
:*How do we work on our non-conscious biases and attributes.  Normally, we think of change starting with reflection.  But there’s another strategy: Doing good in order to be good. (211). Aristotle: you become just by doing justice. 
 +
:*James quote 212: point: Keeping your best self-description in mind and acting on it. 
 +
:*Related slogans: Fake it till you make it.  [Sometimes you have to treat yourself like a dog!  (explain)].  Self-improvement is sometimes about changing '''both''' conscious narratives and unconscious states.  Example of extroversion / introversion at parties.  213. Feedback loop between behavior and self-concept.
 +
:*Example (more developed in new book, ''Redirect'' of two strategies for addressing teen pregnancy.  A teen volunteer program that works indirectly on teens by involving them in meaningful volunteering.  Turns out to promote wise behaviors better than other interventions that involved getting at risk teens together to talk about their feelings. 
  
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:*Consider the "disciplinary" layers we have introduced in our study of ethics:
+
:*Ends with discussion of the role of “truth” in narrative approaches to the self.
−
 
 
−
:*1. '''The Biological''' - Selection mechanisms, cooperation, groupishness, theory of mind, all work to create a "moral/social" world in which reputation matters and values help us solve problems, like being taken for a sucker.
 
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:*2. '''The Psychological''' - System 1 give lots of evidence of an evolved psychology, with "modules" around specific evolutionary "value problems" (moral problems).  '''C F L A S'''
 
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:*3. '''The Political''' - Physio-politics provides evidence of differences among us in cognitive attention, especially to social cues and threats, but also to policy and our view of society.  Many of these differences correlate somewhat with political orientation.  Liberalism and conservatism do not change much over time, and seem tied to personality.  (More to come in this story: How orientation interacts with "issue commitment". Strategies for non-polarized interaction on political issues.)
 
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:*4. '''The Cultural''' - Differences between cultures, including, for example the remarkable emergence of WEIRD culture. This reading is coming up in the next couple of weeks. (Joe Henrich, The Weirdest People on Earth) literacy and the brain, Christianity as a driver of culture (the Marriage and Family Plan, impersonal honesty and sociality, etc.).  Some remarkable new explanations from a field only 2-3 decades old.
 

Latest revision as of 17:16, 4 October 2023

10: OCT 4

Assigned

  • Wilson, Strangers to Ourselves, C9, “Looking Outward to Know ourselves” (20)
  • Wilson, Strangers to Ourselves, C10, “Observing and Changing our Behavior” (18)

Wilson, Chapter 9, "Looking Outward to Know Ourselves"

  • Using 3rd person information to gain self-knowledge.
  • Research as one type of 3rd person information. (Important caveat about averages.)
  • Research on ineffectiveness of subliminal ads could correct our mistaken choice for regular ads. Priming effects occur in the lab, but hard to measure in real life. (Other examples: we routinely talk about being “triggered”. Muting ads.)
  • Implicit Bias test 188 92-3: really gets into the question of how to explain results. what's the construct? Real life implications: white police reacting from their constructs of African-Americans. Point: We have a model for changing our introspective reports. Not sufficient to base them on conscious awareness alone.
  • Using information from others to modify our "self-theory:
  • Mike's shyness. (Catching lag times in updating our “self-theory”.)
  • Cooley: "reflected appraisal" and "looking glass self" p. 195
  • How well do we see what others think about us? (Research looking for discrepancies between our view of how others see us and how others see us.)
  • Airforce recruits study: .2 correlation.
  • Should we try to see what other think about us? Sometimes…
  • positive illusions
  • Einstein example: inauspicious beginnings. (Sometimes a discrepant view of ourselves can be motivating.)
  • Catherine Dirks, student with too low a view of her abilities. 201
  • For discussion: How do you balance external appraisal with the need to be committed to a self-theory that might usefully include positive illusions?

Wilson, Timothy, Chapter 10, "Observing and Changing Our Behavior"

  • 205: People can sometimes infer their internal states just as an outside observer would"
  • Note how we "bifurcate" our consciousness at will. "There you go again..."
  • Bem's self-perception theory: If you practice inferring your own internal states from your behavior you might get the sort of insight that you have into other people's internal states.
  • Tension between self-revelation and self-fabrication (Example of Sarah accepting a date with Peter, whom she didn’t like at first meeting.)
  • Fundamental attribution error, we tend to think of our own behaviors as driven by situational factors whereas we attribute other's behaviors to their character and motivations. (Also an example of using psych research to know ourselves.)
  • But, under strong situational influence (if you are paid a lot to do something you love, you might eventually lose you sense of internal motivation -- passions become "just a job"). Point: situational influences can lead us to missattribute our internal motivations. (Lower faculty salaries and you will find out who really “loves” their work.)
  • Ultimately, observing yourself as a third party might be difficult if your "adaptive unconscious" is already "cooking the books" (makes judgements and attributions of behavior).
  • General problem: misattribution of internal states (motivations and beliefs) due to situational cues or influences. Schaffer and Wheeler study on movie goers, some get adrenaline, some don’t, first group misattributes their movie experience.
  • How do we work on our non-conscious biases and attributes. Normally, we think of change starting with reflection. But there’s another strategy: Doing good in order to be good. (211). Aristotle: you become just by doing justice.
  • James quote 212: point: Keeping your best self-description in mind and acting on it.
  • Related slogans: Fake it till you make it. [Sometimes you have to treat yourself like a dog! (explain)]. Self-improvement is sometimes about changing both conscious narratives and unconscious states. Example of extroversion / introversion at parties. 213. Feedback loop between behavior and self-concept.
  • Example (more developed in new book, Redirect of two strategies for addressing teen pregnancy. A teen volunteer program that works indirectly on teens by involving them in meaningful volunteering. Turns out to promote wise behaviors better than other interventions that involved getting at risk teens together to talk about their feelings.
  • Ends with discussion of the role of “truth” in narrative approaches to the self.
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