Fall 2008 Philosophy 201 Study Question Collaboration

Study Questions, Fall 2008 Human Nature

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Question 1

What are some of the distinguishing traits of philosophical thought?

There are many distinguishing traits of philosophical thought. One is asking questions regarding topics where there is not a proven and reliable system of measurement. Also, asking how one may have arrived at the answers they get for other questions. Another trait is stripping down what it is we know to the most basic truth you can reach. (Austin B.)

Question 2

How do philosophy, myth, and religion relate to each other? Identify both differences and areas of overlap.

Philosophy, myth and religion all relate very closely. There are three different styles of though our communication that leads to these three areas. First, stories lead to myth. Just at the Greeks passed the history of their people down by story until written down. Secondly, revelation leads to religion. There is almost always a divine act or relationship that plays a role in every religion. Finally, reason is what philosophy is grounded upon. Seeking the answers to questions many have not been able to answer using all we know to be true and foundational. Myth, Religion, and Philosophy are all disciplines of thought that are not tangible, but at least one of these areas plays a large role in most people’s lives. (Austin B.)

Question 3

Do we need to know the truth of all of the things we believe in?

I do believe we must know the truth of everything we believe in. I do not feel that you can legitimately believe in something of which you do not know the truth, and if this is the case you certainly should be searching the truth out within your belief. (Austin B.)

Question 4

What is the difference between philosophy and science? Identify an example of an overlap between the two.

Philosophy is essentially speculative science using all we know as our best measure. Science is accurate, measurable, and repeatable, but philosophy is not always that. Often, before enough is known about a certain topic (i.e. psychology) it is labeled as philosophy. (Austin B.)

Question 5

Summarize Kant's position in "What is Enlightenment?" and give your reaction. Should we value reason in our everyday life in the way Kant suggests? Why or why not?

Question 1

What two kinds of knowledge does philosophy aim at, according to Russell?

First, philosophy aims at the kind of knowledge which gives unity and system to the body of the sciences. Secondly, philosophy explores questions in which the answers are not always demonstrably true. (Austin B.)

Question 2

What is the value of philosophy, according to Russell? Do you think his claim is plausible? What reasons do you have for believing it or not?

According to Russell, the value of philosophy lies in the uncertainty of it. The quest for the answers to questions one cannot be certain of. I do believe this is a plausible claim. I believe the value of philosophy lies in the exercise of the brain and stretching one’s own limits. (Austin B.)

Question 3

Identify some of the "philosophical moments" you and your classmates reported. Do you think it is typical for humans to have philosophical reflections? What is the advantage, if any, of pursuing these reflections?

Question 1

Be prepared to explain the views of Pausanias, Eryximachus, and Aristophanes in the Symposium. Compare and contrast with previous and remaining speeches.

Pausanias: There are two loves - a heavenly love and a common love. Engaging in "common love" is bad because it is indiscriminating and focused more on sensual pleasures of the body rather than of the mind. People who are in "common love" are interested in men and women who will give them what they want easiest. "Heavenly love" is only between two males and is the only honorable love. This love has nothing to do with sexual gratification, but moreso with developing the mind. Furthermore, the main purpose of love is to produce virtue. Any love pursued not for virtue is completely wrong.

Eryximachus: Love is present in more than just relationships between human beings - it is evident nature, music, etc. The goal of love is provide order, harmony, and agreement. If this is achieved, then love can improve any individual involved because it encourages positive actions. Essentially, love is part of a larger whole in the world that every part of our life is connected to.

Aristophanes: The story of the three genders that are seeking to complete themselves through love and sexual reproduction. Love is the desire to become whole once again and return to our original nature. Love pulls us towards individuals who are like us and would eventually complete us.

These speeches are much more dialectic in nature because they provide a series of explanations for what love is and it's greater purpose. There is a clear logical thought process, while the speeches following are much more critical of the others. (Hannah W.)

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