Spring 2010 101 Research: Education Policy

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American Education Policy Research

Primary Sources

Bush's No Child Left Behind Act

This is the primary document of former President Bush's No Child Left Behind Act. The link takes you to an index where different aspects of the Act can be viewed.

<<http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/index.html>> -Anastasia Economou

Obama's New Education Reform Blueprint

This source comes from President Barack Obama's most current plan for the reform of American Public Education. The plan outlines expectations and goals to be met by 2020 including creating programs so that all high schoolers will be either "college- or career-ready" by the time they graduate as well as expectations for teachers and new state assessments. This plan was implemented March 16th, 2010.

<<http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/blueprint/blueprint.pdf>> -Anastasia Economou

NCLB Act

Downfalls of No Child Left Behind

A Social Worker explains what is missing from No Child Left Behind

Lagana-Riordan, Christine, and Jemel P. Aguilar. "What's Missing from no Child Left Behind? A Policy Analysis from a Social Work Perspective." Children & Schools 31.3 (2009): 135-44. Web.http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=5&hid=13&sid=629edb95-13cf-4396-8dfa-b97521b56535%40sessionmgr10

This is an Analysis by a social worker that examines what parts of No Child Left Behind were lacking. The program is not accomplishing its goals, and is not improving education for disadvantaged students. The policy disregarded social and emotional risks that are harming students in school. It continues to talk about ways that the No Child Left Behind Act could have been improved.

Samantha

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Exclusions of No Child Left Behind

Harper, Candace A., Ester J. De Jong, and Elizabeth J. Platt. "Marginalizing English as a Second Language Teacher Expertise: The Exclusionary Consequence of no Child Left Behind." Language Policy 7.3 (2008): 267-84. Web.http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.foley.gonzaga.edu:2048/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6&hid=106&sid=e664c59d-870a-467c-be4a-81741e5d06f9%40sessionmgr110

No Child Left Behind ignores that English as a Second Language is a specialized discipline of learning and should be treated as such. Schools with exceptionally high immigrant rates, such as California and Florida are pinned with a particularly difficult task. Samantha

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Who is No Child Left Behind Leaving Behind??

Smyth, Theoni Soublis. "Who is no Child Left Behind Leaving Behind?" Clearing House 81.3 (2008): 133-7. Web. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=5&hid=4&sid=b573cc49-20dc-453a-9041-0441a3c1fd6c%40sessionmgr13

The article outlines several reasons that NCLB failed. For example, the pressure that is put on testing takes away from the value of learning. Also, this act disregarded that fact that schools are not in fact even, and it is illogical to hold them to the same standards, and punish them. Some students suffered severely from this act.

Samantha

Individuals with Disabilities act

Moores, Donald F. "The no Child Left Behind and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Acts: The Uneven Impact of Partially Funded Federal Mandates on Education of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children." American Annals of the Deaf 150.2 (2005): 75-80. Web.http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=4&hid=103&sid=99965e0b-0036-4f58-b9dd-64e218de6b54%40sessionmgr110&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=ufh&AN=17686489

The Individuals with Disabilities act is something that has been in the making for years. However, now that No Child Left Behind has come into play, it is being overpowered and undermined. The No CHild Left Behind Act does not consider the need of Deaf CHildren at all. This makes it so that they are pushed aside and treated poorly.

Samantha

Why the NCLB Act is Unsalvageable

This article actually answers our initial question (Can the NCLB Act be salvaged?) through one viewpoint of an author from Education Week. This is a little dated as well, (2007), but it goes to show how early NCLB began failing to serve the educational needs of students in this country.

http://www.keepartsinschools.org/News/Materials/Education%20Week_%20Why%20the%20No%20Child%20Left%20Behind%20Act%20Is%20Unsalvage...pdf ~Anastasia Economou

Defense of No Child Left Behind

Helping English Language Learners

Clemencia Cosentino de Cohen and Beatriz Chu Clewell. "No Child Left Behind Has Helped English Language Learners." At Issue: Has No Child Left Behind Been Good for Education?. Ed. Christina Fisanick. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. INLAN - Gonzaga University Library. 10 Apr. 2010http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/retrieve.do?subjectParam=Locale%2528en%252C%252C%2529%253AFQE%253D%2528su%252CNone%252C21%2529%2Bno%2Bchild%2Bleft%2Bbehind%2524&contentSet=GSRC&sort=Relevance&tabID=T010&sgCurrentPosition=0&subjectAction=DISPLAY_SUBJECTS&prodId=OVRC&searchId=R2&currentPosition=15&userGroupName=gonzagaufoley&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&sgHitCountType=None&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28SU%2CNone%2C21%29+no+child+left+behind%24&inPS=true&searchType=BasicSearchForm&displaySubject=&docId=EJ3010488208&docType=GSRC

No Child Left Behind put a pressure on teachers to bring ELL students up to par with their peers. Before their was a standard many ELL children fell through the cracks, but now that is not an option. WHile no Child Left Behind was intended for K-5 students, it has pored over to Pre-k kids as well. This has made it so that they are up to par and have a national standard before reaching Kindergarten.

Samantha

New Information: Obama's Education Reform Policy

Critical Viewpoints

Teacher' Unions Slam Obama K-12 Budget Proposals

This article discusses the viewpoints of some of the K-12 teachers in public schools. One of their main arguments is that they feel that Obama is putting a lot of pressure and responsibility on teachers, with not enough latitude to teach students.

http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2010/03/17/27appropriations.h29.html?tkn=TSRF4ILYP5sVoNj9dR%2BQuT%2BRH2wxtSThEDDa&cmp=clp-edweek -Anastasia Economou

Supportive Viewpoints

Secretary of Education, Arne Duncan, explains new policies

This is a video from cnn.com where Arne Duncan, Education Secretary, gives a basic explanation of the new NCLB policies. He says that at its most basic level, NCLB has good intentions in the sense that it aims to implement accountability in schools and force them to provide measurable data that illustrates where students lie on a learning continuum. However, he says that while accountability is important, NCLB is too "cookie-cutter" and fails to recognize that you can't compare all schools on the same scale. Schools in different areas of the country have different needs. Therefore, the new NCLB policies will reflect this concept and ask schools that they show improvement, not that they necessarily fit a national-standard.

http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/us/2010/03/17/sot.duncan.education.reform.cnn?iref=allsearch

-Jenna Grabarek :)

Other Aspects of New NCLB Policies, and Reactions

This is a cnn.com article that further explains new details of NCLB. It talks about how local and state governments are being given more power to make decisions about their schools and how money is spent. An example of this is more power to pay "high performing" teachers more. However, teacher unions have reacted badly to this change, arguing that once again NCLB will put too much pressure and responsibility on teachers without giving them more authority and power in decision-making regarding schools.

http://www.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/03/17/duncan.no.child/index.html?iref=allsearch -Jenna :)

Interest Turns to ESEA Plan's Chances of Passing

This article came out before Obama's blueprint was acted on, discussing one author's viewpoint about how the blueprint will do. Though it is slightly dated by now, it does provide insight about Obama's hopes for the new education reform.

http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2010/03/15/27eseareax.h29.html?tkn=STUFRFR6yR+v3Y5CpLGvX8KLO2RvbBS+aecq&cmp=clp-edweek ~Anastasia Economou