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===Savoring===
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==11: OCT 6==
  
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====Bryant & Veroff, Chapters 1 & 8, and other notes====
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===Assigned===
  
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Chapter 1
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:*Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality" (17)
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:*Writing exercise: How WEIRD is Morality?
  
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:*Savoring: capacity to attend to, appreciate and enhance positive experiences.
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===Brief Survey on Student Engagement in Hybrid course delivery===
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:*Distinguishing savoring from pleasure -- reflective dimension to savoring.
 
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:*Need to suppress "social and esteem needs" for savoring. 
 
  
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:*Savoring distinguished from other processes. In relation to:
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:*Please take the following anonymous [https://gonzaga.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_3I98g1ecsTe59ZP survey].
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::*Mindfulness -- savoring narrower
 
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::*Meditation
 
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::*Flow
 
  
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From Chapter 3
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===Final Stage of Sapolsky Writing Assignment===
  
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:*Factors affecting the intensity of enjoyment experienced.
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:*'''Stage 4''': Back-evaluation: After you receive your peer comments and my evaluation, take a few minutes to fill out this quick "back evaluation" rating form: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdgKCYITDTSOOHcvC3TAVNK-EZDsP4jiiyPj-7jdpRoNUsLPA/viewform?usp=sf_link].  '''Fill out the form for each reviewer, but not Alfino.'''  Up to 10 points, in Points.
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::*Duration -- case of two positive events simultaneously vs. over time.
 
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::*Reduction of Stress --
 
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::*Complexity -- in the pleasures themselves vs. in web of relationships
 
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::*Attentional Focus --
 
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::*Balanced Self-Monitoring
 
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::*Interactive Consequences
 
  
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Types of Savoring -- see handout  from Chapter 5
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::*Back evaluations are due '''Thursday, October 8, 11:59pm'''.
  
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Chapter 8
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===Some samples from Henrich's, "The Weirdest People on Earth"===
  
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:*Factors connecting Coping and Savoring:  Social Support, Writing about life experiences, Downward hedonic contrast, Humor, Spirituality & Religion
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:*p. 25: "Who Am I?" task.  Show charts
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:*p. 28: sociocentric vs. individualistic
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:*p. 34: guilt vs. shame
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:*p. 44: impersonal honesty research (recall Ariely).  
  
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:*Essential Pre-conditions for Savoring
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===Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality"===
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::*Freedom from Social and Esteem Concerns
 
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::*Present Focus
 
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::*Attentional Focus
 
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:*Exercises
 
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::*Vacation in Daily Life
 
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::*Life Review -- "chaining"
 
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::*Camera Exercise
 
  
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Additional Suggested Exercises for Happiness Practicum on Savoring:
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====WEIRD Morality====
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:*WEIRD morality is the morality of Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic cultures
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::*just as likely to be bothered by taboo violations, but more likely to set aside feelings of disgust and allow violations
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::*only group with majority allowing chicken story violation.
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::*"the weirder you are the more likely you are to see the world in terms of separate objects, rather than relationships"  "sociocentric" moralities vs. individualistic moralities; Enlightenment moralities of Kant and Mill are rationalist, individualist, and universalist. 
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::*survey data on East/West differences in sentence completion: "I am..."
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::*framed-line task 97
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:*Kantian and Millian ethical thought is rationalist, rule based, and universalist.  Just the ethical theory you would expect from the culture. 
  
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1. Simple Savoring Exercise -- You and an orange.
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====A 3 channel moral matrix====
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2. Complex Savoring Exercise -- Cooking dinner for a friend.   
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:*Schweder's anthropology: ethics of autonomy, community, divinity 99-100 - gloss each...
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::*claims Schweder's theory predicts responses on taboo violation tests, is descriptively accurate.
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::*ethic of divinity: body as temple vs. playground
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::*vertical dimension to values. explains reactions to flag desecration, piss Christ, thought exp: desecration of liberal icons.  (Note connection to contemporary conflicts, such as the Charlie Hebdot massacre.)
  
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===Gratitude===
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====Making Sense of Moral/Cultural Difference====
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:*'''Haidt's Bhubaneswar experience''': diverse (intense) continua of moral values related to purity. (opposite of disgust). Confusing at first, but notice that he started to like his hosts (elephant) and then started to think about how their values might work.  Stop and think about how a mind might create this.  Detail about airline passenger.
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:*Theorizing with Paul Rozin on the right model for thinking about moral foundations: "Our theory, in brief" (103)
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:*American politics often about sense of "sacrilege", not just about defining rights (autonomy).  Not just harm, but types of moral disgust.
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:*'''Stepping out of the Matrix''':  H's metaphor for seeing his own cultural moral values as more "contingent" than before, when it felt like the natural advocacy of what seem true and right.  Reports growing self awareness of liberal orientation of intellectual culture in relation to Shweder's view.  Social conservatives made more sense to him after studying in India.
  
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Watkins, "Gratitude and Subjective Well-Being"
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===Small Group Discussion===
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:*Discussion questions:
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:*Focus on emotional benefits of expressing gratitude.
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::*Does it make sense to talk about "stepping out of a matrix"?  Is this a temporary thing? What value might it have in your experience?
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:*Distinguishes gratitude as a practice vs. trait.  Latter is habituated.
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::*Do you have a parallel story to Haidt's?  (Mention travel experiences.)
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:*Researching the direction of causation -- p. 172ff: if it's possible to manipulate gratitude conditions and see a quasi-functional relationship on mood.  Seems to have been weakly confirmed.  Still possible to have bidirectional causation.
 
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:*Series of studies on emotional benefits, p. 174ff -- "Participants in the grateful condition felt better about their lives as a whole and were more optimistic about the future than students in both of the other comparison conditions." 174.  Second study tested specific technique of downward comparison and compared it to control and "hassles" condition.
 
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:*How does gratitude contribute to happiness?   
 
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::*1:  emotional boost from "gift" character of gratitude experiences.
 
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::*2:  counteracting hedonic habituation
 
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::*3:  focusing attention away from upward comparisons toward downward comparisons.
 
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::*4:  coping  -- evidence from p. 178ff.
 
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::*5:  increasing accessibility and recollection of pleasant life events -- note, this follows from memory bias studies (p. 179)
 
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Emmons, "Gratitude, SWB, and the Brain"
 
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:*Broad range of gratitude:  from specific feeling about a particular event or circumstance to a general attitude toward life.  Life as a gift.
 
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:*Definitions: pleasant feeling from received benefit.  "undeserved merit"  From Fitzgerald (470):  appreciation, goodwill, disposition that follows from appreciation and goodwill.
 
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:*Gratitude can be a "virtue" if understood as a cultivated disposition to recognize undeserved merit.
 
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:*Gratitude response is stronger if the beneficiary intends the benefit.
 
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:*Evolutionary Perspective
 
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::*"as a cognitive—emotional supplement serving to sustain reciprocal obligations.  -Simmel (471)  "Thus, during exchange of benefits, gratitude  prompts one person (a beneficiary) to be bound to another (a benefactor) during "exchange of benefits, thereby reminding beneficiaries of their reciprocity obligations."
 
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::*"Trivers viewed gratitude as an evolutionary adaptation that regulates people's responses to altruistic acts. Gratitude for altruistic acts is a reward for adherence to the universal norm of reciprocity and is a mediating mechanism that links the receipt of a favor to the giving of a return favor."
 
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:*Gratitude and SWB
 
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::*Strong claim for long term effects of gratitude as a trait:  p. 476 -- participants show SWB boost 6 months later.
 
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:*Gratitude and the Brain
 
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::*Cognitive-affective neuroscience construct (What's happening to your brain when you experience gratitude?)
 
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::*General hypothesis:  we have structures for both perceiving gratitude in others and expressing it. 
 
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::*Specific hypothesis:  Limbic prefontal networks involved:  "; (1) the fusiform face-processing areas near the temporal—occipital junctions, (2) the amygdala and Limbic emotional processing systems that support emotional states, and (3) interactions between these two subcortical centers with the prefrontal regions that control executive and evaluative processes." 483.  Like other prosocial emotions.
 
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::Specific hypothesis tested with studies of gratitude and mood induction in Parkinson's Disease patients.
 
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:*Psychological attitudes at odds with gratitude:  "' A number of personal burdens and external obstacles block grateful thoughts. A number of attitudes are incompatible with a grateful outlook on Hfe, including perceptions of victimhood, an in ability to admit one's shortcomings, a sense of entitlement, and an inability to admit that one is not self-sufficient. InIn a culture that celebrates self-aggrandizement and perceptions of deservingness, gratitude can be crowded out.
 

Latest revision as of 19:51, 6 October 2020

11: OCT 6

Assigned

  • Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality" (17)
  • Writing exercise: How WEIRD is Morality?

Brief Survey on Student Engagement in Hybrid course delivery

  • Please take the following anonymous survey.

Final Stage of Sapolsky Writing Assignment

  • Stage 4: Back-evaluation: After you receive your peer comments and my evaluation, take a few minutes to fill out this quick "back evaluation" rating form: [1]. Fill out the form for each reviewer, but not Alfino. Up to 10 points, in Points.
  • Back evaluations are due Thursday, October 8, 11:59pm.

Some samples from Henrich's, "The Weirdest People on Earth"

  • p. 25: "Who Am I?" task. Show charts
  • p. 28: sociocentric vs. individualistic
  • p. 34: guilt vs. shame
  • p. 44: impersonal honesty research (recall Ariely).

Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality"

WEIRD Morality

  • WEIRD morality is the morality of Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic cultures
  • just as likely to be bothered by taboo violations, but more likely to set aside feelings of disgust and allow violations
  • only group with majority allowing chicken story violation.
  • "the weirder you are the more likely you are to see the world in terms of separate objects, rather than relationships" "sociocentric" moralities vs. individualistic moralities; Enlightenment moralities of Kant and Mill are rationalist, individualist, and universalist.
  • survey data on East/West differences in sentence completion: "I am..."
  • framed-line task 97
  • Kantian and Millian ethical thought is rationalist, rule based, and universalist. Just the ethical theory you would expect from the culture.

A 3 channel moral matrix

  • Schweder's anthropology: ethics of autonomy, community, divinity 99-100 - gloss each...
  • claims Schweder's theory predicts responses on taboo violation tests, is descriptively accurate.
  • ethic of divinity: body as temple vs. playground
  • vertical dimension to values. explains reactions to flag desecration, piss Christ, thought exp: desecration of liberal icons. (Note connection to contemporary conflicts, such as the Charlie Hebdot massacre.)

Making Sense of Moral/Cultural Difference

  • Haidt's Bhubaneswar experience: diverse (intense) continua of moral values related to purity. (opposite of disgust). Confusing at first, but notice that he started to like his hosts (elephant) and then started to think about how their values might work. Stop and think about how a mind might create this. Detail about airline passenger.
  • Theorizing with Paul Rozin on the right model for thinking about moral foundations: "Our theory, in brief" (103)
  • American politics often about sense of "sacrilege", not just about defining rights (autonomy). Not just harm, but types of moral disgust.
  • Stepping out of the Matrix: H's metaphor for seeing his own cultural moral values as more "contingent" than before, when it felt like the natural advocacy of what seem true and right. Reports growing self awareness of liberal orientation of intellectual culture in relation to Shweder's view. Social conservatives made more sense to him after studying in India.

Small Group Discussion

  • Discussion questions:
  • Does it make sense to talk about "stepping out of a matrix"? Is this a temporary thing? What value might it have in your experience?
  • Do you have a parallel story to Haidt's? (Mention travel experiences.)
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