Difference between revisions of "Should the Drinking Age be changed?"

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'''Anna Brajcich'''
 
'''Anna Brajcich'''
 +
  
 
If the Drinking Age Were Lowered, What Then? A View From the Year 2020
 
If the Drinking Age Were Lowered, What Then? A View From the Year 2020
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'''Anna Brajcich'''
 
'''Anna Brajcich'''
 +
 +
===A Lower Age would be Unsafe===
 +
 +
'''Findings'''
 +
 +
Dean-Mooney, Laura. "A Lower Age Would Be Unsafe - US News and World Report." US News & World Report | News & Rankings | Best Colleges, Best Hospitals, and More. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. <http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2008/09/08/a-lower-age-would-be-unsafe>.
 +
 +
'''Summary'''
 +
 +
This article argues to keep the drinking age the same. Laura Dean-Mooney is a mother of a student who is about to attend a university and she is worried about her child being exposed to underage drinking. She is also the national president of MADD so this builds her authoritativeness. Her scope of the issue focuses more on the negative scientific aspects of underage drinking.
 +
 +
'''Colleen Meyers'''
  
 
===Law officers' views on enforcement of the minimum drinking age: A four-state===
 
===Law officers' views on enforcement of the minimum drinking age: A four-state===
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'''Sarah Morgan'''
 
'''Sarah Morgan'''
 +
 +
===Keep the Drinking Age at 21===
 +
 +
'''Findings'''
 +
 +
Corrigan, Robert. "Keep the Drinking Age at 21 - SFGate." Featured Articles From The SFGate. 29 Aug. 2008. Web. 01 Nov. 2011. <http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-08-29/opinion/17122218_1_drinking-age-binge-drinking-underage-drinking>.
 +
 +
'''Summary'''
 +
 +
This is an article written by a university president. His personal experience on a college campus gives a perspective that the drinking age should be kept at 21. He discusses the negative social aspects of underage drinking on the students attending colleges nationwide.
 +
 +
'''Colleen Meyers'''
  
 
===Impact of legislation raising the legal drinking age in Massachusetts from 18 to 20===
 
===Impact of legislation raising the legal drinking age in Massachusetts from 18 to 20===
Line 56: Line 81:
  
 
'''Sarah Morgan'''
 
'''Sarah Morgan'''
 +
 +
===Don't make Teen Drinking Easier===
 +
 +
'''Findings'''
 +
 +
Califano, Joseph A.,. "Don't make Teen Drinking Easier." The Washington Post: B.07. ProQuest. May 11 2003. Web. 31 Oct. 2011 <http://search.proquest.com/docview/409461785? accountid=1557>.
 +
 +
'''Summary'''
 +
In his article, Califano discusses how the United States has much less problems with drinking then other European countries which have lower drinking ages, 18 being the age in most of these countries. He comes to the conclusion that lowering the drinking age won't help the problem of adolescent drinking in our country. He also states many staggering facts about teen drinking and its harmful effecs.
 +
 +
'''Brendan Connolly'''
 +
 +
===The Over/Under===
 +
 +
'''Findings'''
 +
 +
Wallace, S. (2009, The Over/Under. The Camping Magazine, 82(1), 70-70-74. Retrieved from <http://search.proquest.com/docview/235248867?accountid=1557>.
 +
 +
'''Summary'''
 +
In his article, Wallace describes his views on why he thinks teen drinking exists and has become a problem. He describes how many teen shows involve advertising for alcohol and that teens hear more advertisements for alcohol on the radio than adults do. Wallace's view is that advertising for alcohol has been targeted more at teens than adults who are legal to buy it and that this is the reason for much of our societies problem with teen drinking. Wallace also states many facts about teen drinking and its consequences on teens and our society.
 +
 +
'''Brendan Connolly'''
 +
 +
===Should the Drinking Age be Lowered?===
 +
 +
'''Findings'''
 +
Cloud, John. "Should the Drinking Age Be Lowered? - TIME." Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews - TIME.com. 06 June 2008. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1812397,00.html
 +
 +
'''Summary'''
 +
This article offers strong reasons for why the drinking age should be lowered. The opinions are based on statistics and facts but the author adds a lot of his own input as well. Its an article that provides examples about kids partying in college but refutes the idea that the drinking age should be lowered.
 +
 +
'''Riley Mackey'''
  
 
==Medical Research==
 
==Medical Research==
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'''Anna Brajcich'''
 
'''Anna Brajcich'''
  
 +
==="Support of 21 Minimum Drinking Age Law."===
 +
 +
'''Finding'''
 +
Lund, Adrian. "Support of 21 Minimum Drinking Age Law." IIHS-HLDI: Crash Testing & Highway Safety. Web. 09 Dec. 2011. <http://www.iihs.org/research/topics/min_drinking_age/default.html>.
 +
 +
'''Summary'''
 +
This article provides good information on seeing how raising the drinking age of 18 to 21 in 1975 affected some states and shows the direct relationship between the increased drinking age and lower deaths and fatal car accidents.
 +
 +
'''Anna Brajcich
 +
 +
==="Teen Binge Drinking Can Do Long-Term Brain Damage."===
 +
 +
'''Finding'''
 +
Norton, Amy. "Teen Binge Drinking Can Do Long-Term Brain Damage." Jeff Rense Program. Web. 09 Dec. 2011. <http://www.rense.com/general63/dolon.htm>.
 +
 +
'''Summary'''
 +
This article provides a very interesting study that was done on adolescent boys and girls who were alcohol dependent compared to non-alcohol dependent adolescents and its shows and explains what the test results were and proves that alcohol does cause long term damage to the brain.
 +
 +
'''Anna Brajcich'''
  
 
===Fact Sheets-Underage Drinking===
 
===Fact Sheets-Underage Drinking===
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'''Anna Brajcich'''
 
'''Anna Brajcich'''
  
−
==Background History==
+
===Lowering the Minimum Drinking Age and its Affect on Youth===
 +
 
 +
'''Findings'''
 +
Wechsler, Henry, and Toben F. Nelson. “Will Increasing Alcohol Availability By Lowering the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Decrease Drinking and Related Consequences Among Youth.” American Journal of Public Health 100.6 (2010): 986-992. EBSCO. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. <http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?>.
 +
 
 +
'''Summary'''
 +
This article is very informational and the authors are straightforward. The authors bring in many different researchers opinions and statistics that are helpful when understanding the drinking age. It is a fairly recent article tat consists statistics that explain the different affects that drinking can have on youth in general and the brain.
 +
 
 +
'''Sarah Morgan'''
 +
 
 +
===The Adolescent Brain and the College Drinker===
 +
 
 +
'''Findings'''
 +
Spear, Linda P. "The Adolescent Brain and the College Drinker." Biological Basis of Propensity to Use and Misuse Alcohol. Department of Psychology and Center for Developmental Psychobiology, 2002. Web. 28 Oct. 2011. <http://www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov/media/Journal/071-Spear.pdf>.
 +
 
 +
'''Summary'''
 +
This article was discussing the effect that drinking has on the brain. It gave information on how it effects the structure as well as the functions. Unlike other articles that discuss the medical side of the drinking age has on the brain, this article also talks about the issue. There was information and statistics given for both sides of the argument but mainly gave facts about the brain.
 +
 
 +
'''Sarah Morgan'''
 +
 
 +
===The Health Effects of Teen Alcohol Use===
 +
 
 +
'''Findings'''
 +
 
 +
Payne, Kattie. “The Health Effects of Teen Alcohol Use” Teens and Alcohol (2002). Web. 30 Oct. 2011 <http://www.teendrugabuse.us/teensandalcohol.html>.
 +
 
 +
'''Summary'''
 +
In her article, Brody discusses alcohols effects on adults and teens and how they differ. She discusses how alcohol has a long-term effect on teens that is irreversible and that it presents consequences for our society as well. These consequences include high-risk sex, suicide, drinking while driving, and sexual assault.
 +
 
 +
'''Brendan Connolly'''
 +
 
 +
===Alcohol's Effects on the Adolescent Brain: What Can Be Learned From Animal Models===
 +
 
 +
'''Findings'''
 +
 
 +
Swartzwelder, H. S. "Alcohol's Effects on the Adolescent Brain: What can be Learned from Animal Models." Alcohol Research and Health 28.4 (2004): 213,213-221. ProQuest. PROQUESTMS. 29 Oct. 2011 <http://search.proquest.com/docview/222455752?accountid=1557>.
 +
 
 +
'''Summary'''
 +
This article gives stunning research that was found about the effects that alcohol has on the adolescent brain as compared to the adult brain. In the study to was found that alcohol affects learning and memory much more in the brain of adolescents but alcohol doesn't' affect motor-impairment, sedation, and seizures as much as it does in adults. The information in this article was very interesting and gave a lot of insight into the effects of alcohol and whether it is smart for adolescent to be drinking.
 +
 
 +
'''Brendan Connolly'''
 +
 
 +
===Alcohol Alert===
 +
 
 +
'''Findings'''
 +
 
 +
"Alcohol Alert." National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.  N.p., 01 01 2006. Web. 1 Nov 2011. <http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/AA67/AA67.htm>.
 +
 
 +
'''Summary'''
 +
In this article there are three major topics addressed. Why adolescence drink, what the risks are, and how underage drinking can be prevented. There are also several programs in which the publication found to be helpful for teen drinking that are discussed as well as several side bars and diagrams giving further information.
 +
 
 +
'''Brendan Connolly'''
 +
 
 +
===Alcohol and the Adolescent Brain: Human Studies===
 +
 
 +
'''Findings'''
 +
 
 +
Tapert, Susan F., Lisa Caldwell, and Christina Burke. "Alcohol and the Adolescent Brain: Human Studies." Alcohol Research and Health 28.4 (2004): 205,205-212. ProQuest. PROQUESTMS. 26 Oct. 2011 <http://search.proquest.com/docview/222396060?accountid=1557>.
 +
 
 +
'''Summary'''
 +
The actual effects that alcohol on the adolescent brain are explained in this article. Brain structure and function is affected by the consumption of alcohol at an early age according to the findings of this research. It goes on to say how not every young person will be affected the same way because some are more tolerant and some are more sensitive. Different factors can alter this such as family history, drug use, frequency of drinking and so forth.
 +
 
 +
'''Riley Mackey'''
 +
 
 +
==Background History/Legislation==
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Debate on Lower Drinking Age Bubbling Up===
 +
 
 +
'''Findings'''
 +
Johnson, Alex. "Debate on Lower Drinking Age Bubbling up - Health - Addictions - Msnbc.com." Msnbc.com - Breaking News, Science and Tech News, World News, US News, Local News- Msnbc.com. 14 Aug. 2007. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. <http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20249460/ns/health-addictions/t/debate-lower-drinking-age-bubbling/>.
 +
 
 +
'''Summary'''
 +
This article is helpful when trying to understand the background of the drinking age. The author never took a stand therefore it gave the article more of an information based background. It was nice to read an article when the author didn't have an opinion because I was able to understand the drinking age better and the debates that occur.
 +
 
 +
'''Sarah Morgan'''
 +
 
  
  
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'''Colleen Meyers'''
 
'''Colleen Meyers'''
−
 
  
 
===Minimum Legal Drinking Age===
 
===Minimum Legal Drinking Age===
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This article helps to give background information on why the minimum drinking age is 21. It gives the drinking age legislation credit to Candy Lightner, the founder of Mothers Against Drunk Driving. It also goes into detail about the path this bill took to make the legal drinking age 21, such as the disputes over it and some of the other people who helped to push to make this a law. It breaks it down to show who was for the bill and who was not. It also highlights the media's role on the passing of the bill.
 
This article helps to give background information on why the minimum drinking age is 21. It gives the drinking age legislation credit to Candy Lightner, the founder of Mothers Against Drunk Driving. It also goes into detail about the path this bill took to make the legal drinking age 21, such as the disputes over it and some of the other people who helped to push to make this a law. It breaks it down to show who was for the bill and who was not. It also highlights the media's role on the passing of the bill.
  
−
 
−
'''Colleen Meyers'''
 
−
 
−
===Blog from Youth about Drinking Age===
 
−
 
−
'''Findings'''
 
−
 
−
"National Youth Rights Association » Drinking Age." National Youth Rights Association. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. <http://www.youthrights.org/tag/drinking-age-2/>.
 
−
 
−
'''Summary'''
 
−
This site has frequently new blogs posted by youth about the drinking age. I do not know how resourceful some of them are, but many bring up good points about why the drinking age should be lowered. Usually the points do not go into much depth as they are stated usually as opinions, but they bring up ideas that can easily be further researched.
 
−
 
−
'''Colleen Meyers'''
 
−
 
−
===Drunk Driving Article===
 
−
 
−
'''Findings'''
 
−
"Prevents Drunken Driving among 18-20 Year-olds and the Rest of the Population. - Choose Responsibility." John McCardell - Drinking Age - Choose Responsibility. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. <http://www.chooseresponsibility.org/article/view/15589/1/2641/>.
 
−
 
−
'''Summary'''
 
−
There is evidence in many other sources that because of the 21 year minimum drinking age, there have been less fatalities in motor vehicle accidents. This site provides a chart to show that this is true, yet it is more relevant to the fact that seatbelts are required, cars are being built safer, and police enforcement are more of a higher cause of this decrease.
 
  
 
'''Colleen Meyers'''
 
'''Colleen Meyers'''
Line 169: Line 299:
 
'''Summary'''
 
'''Summary'''
 
This article tries to explain the different drinking habits and tendencies among different areas and cultures. It tries to find different behaviors among adolescent drinkers in different countries. Examples include levels of intoxication, lifetime frequency of drinking, time spent drinking and many others. It is a very useful article because it uses school-based surveys and facts.
 
This article tries to explain the different drinking habits and tendencies among different areas and cultures. It tries to find different behaviors among adolescent drinkers in different countries. Examples include levels of intoxication, lifetime frequency of drinking, time spent drinking and many others. It is a very useful article because it uses school-based surveys and facts.
−
 
−
'''Riley Mackey'''
 
−
 
−
===Alcohol and the Adolescent Brain: Human Studies===
 
−
 
−
Tapert, Susan F., Lisa Caldwell, and Christina Burke. "Alcohol and the Adolescent Brain: Human Studies." Alcohol Research and Health 28.4 (2004): 205,205-212. ProQuest. PROQUESTMS. 26 Oct. 2011 <http://search.proquest.com/docview/222396060?accountid=1557>.
 
−
 
−
'''Summary'''
 
−
The actual effects that alcohol on the adolescent brain are explained in this article. Brain structure and function is affected by the consumption of alcohol at an early age according to the findings of this research. It goes on to say how not every young person will be affected the same way because some are more tolerant and some are more sensitive. Different factors can alter this such as family history, drug use, frequency of drinking and so forth.
 
  
 
'''Riley Mackey'''
 
'''Riley Mackey'''
Line 190: Line 311:
 
'''Riley Mackey'''
 
'''Riley Mackey'''
  
−
===Don't make Teen Drinking Easier===
+
===Adults Confront Teen-Age Drinking===
−
'''Findings'''
 
−
 
 
−
Califano, Joseph A.,. "Don't make Teen Drinking Easier." The Washington Post: B.07. ProQuest. May 11 2003. Web. 31 Oct. 2011 <http://search.proquest.com/docview/409461785? accountid=1557>.
 
−
 
 
−
'''Summary'''
 
−
In his article, Califano discusses how the United States has much less problems with drinking then other European countries which have lower drinking ages, 18 being the age in most of these countries. He comes to the conclusion that lowering the drinking age won't help the problem of adolescent drinking in our country. He also states many staggering facts about teen drinking and its harmful effecs.
 
  
−
'''Brendan Connolly'''
+
Laquidara Hill, Jean. "Adults Confront Teen-Age Drinking // Parents, Officials are Fighting Back." Telegram & Gazette: B.1. ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry. Nov 03 1996. Web. 31 Oct. 2011 <http://search.proquest.com/docview/268621856?accountid=1557>.
−
 
 
−
===The Over/Under===
 
−
 
 
−
Wallace, S. (2009, The Over/Under. The Camping Magazine, 82(1), 70-70-74. Retrieved from <http://search.proquest.com/docview/235248867?accountid=1557>.
 
  
 
'''Summary'''
 
'''Summary'''
−
In his article, Wallace describes his views on why he thinks teen drinking exists and has become a problem. He describes how many teen shows involve advertising for alcohol and that teens hear more advertisements for alcohol on the radio than adults do. Wallace's view is that advertising for alcohol has been targeted more at teens than adults who are legal to buy it and that this is the reason for much of our societies problem with teen drinking. Wallace also states many facts about teen drinking and its consequences on teens and our society.
+
In this article, the author--Jean Hill--describes how parents are confronting the topic of teen-age drinking. While drinking has always been prevalent in the past it is becoming increasingly prevalent each year. While the number of deaths due to driving accidents involving teens drinking has decreased over the years, deaths due to alcohol among teens hasn't. She describes how many teens are becoming intoxicated and getting into other types of accidents that are causing harm and often death such as walking on dark streets where they can't be seen by motorists.
  
 
'''Brendan Connolly'''
 
'''Brendan Connolly'''
  
 
===Coping with cold, hard facts on teen-age drinking===
 
===Coping with cold, hard facts on teen-age drinking===
 +
 +
'''Findings'''
  
 
Brody, J. e. (1999, Apr 06). Coping with cold, hard facts on teen-age drinking. New York Times, pp. F.6- 6. Retrieved from <http://search.proquest.com/docview/431146041?accountid=1557>.
 
Brody, J. e. (1999, Apr 06). Coping with cold, hard facts on teen-age drinking. New York Times, pp. F.6- 6. Retrieved from <http://search.proquest.com/docview/431146041?accountid=1557>.
Line 215: Line 328:
 
'''Summary'''
 
'''Summary'''
 
In his article, Brody describes the horrific statistics surrounding the epidemic of teen drinking in the U.S. He describes the current and future side-effects that alcohol use has on adolescence and says that parents need to do more to stop the problem. He discusses how parents need to be careful about their drinking behaviors around their kids and make it clear that drinking to get drunk is not good and not how alcohol is meant to be used.
 
In his article, Brody describes the horrific statistics surrounding the epidemic of teen drinking in the U.S. He describes the current and future side-effects that alcohol use has on adolescence and says that parents need to do more to stop the problem. He discusses how parents need to be careful about their drinking behaviors around their kids and make it clear that drinking to get drunk is not good and not how alcohol is meant to be used.
−
 
−
'''Brendan Connolly'''
 
−
 
−
===The Health Effects of Teen Alcohol Use===
 
−
 
−
Payne, Kattie. “The Health Effects of Teen Alcohol Use” Teens and Alcohol (2002). Web. 30 Oct. 2011 <http://www.teendrugabuse.us/teensandalcohol.html>.
 
−
 
−
'''Summary'''
 
−
In her article, Brody discusses alcohols effects on adults and teens and how they differ. She discusses how alcohol has a long-term effect on teens that is irreversible and that it presents consequences for our society as well. These consequences include high-risk sex, suicide, drinking while driving, and sexual assault.
 
  
 
'''Brendan Connolly'''
 
'''Brendan Connolly'''

Latest revision as of 01:28, 12 December 2011

Contents

Articles in support of changing the drinking age

Finding Engs, Ruth C. "Why Drinking Age Should Be Lowered: Dr. Ruth Engs." Indiana University. Web. 26 Oct. 2011. http://www.indiana.edu/~engs/articles/cqoped.html

Summary This article is written by a professor at Indiana University. Her main arguments is that the higher drinking age is restricting youth to be able to drink in controlled environments where the drinking is more monitored than at random house parties. She believes that many kids see alcohol as the "forbidden fruit" and that the currently legal age of 21 is really not benefiting anybody. At the end she gives percentages of bad behavior habits that actually went up after the minimum legal drinking age was increased in all states to 21 in 1988.

Anna Brajcich


If the Drinking Age Were Lowered, What Then? A View From the Year 2020

Findings

Walters, Scott T. "If the Drinking Age Were Lowered, What Then? A View From the Year 2020." Journal of American College Health 58.6 (2010): 579-581. SPORTDiscus with Full Text. EBSCO. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. <http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=f8e1f715-37be-4bbd-a87a-01f918a79634%40sessionmgr115&vid=4&hid=111>.

Summary This article focuses on one mans view on what will happen if the drinking age were to be lowered. He gives facts on how it would effect driving, college, and relationships. It is a shorter article but it is different than any other articles because its focus is on the future rather than the brain or what happened when lowered/raised.

Sarah Morgan

Articles against changing the drinking age

There's no benefit to lowering the drinking age:

Finding

Voas, R. (2006, Jan 12). There's no benefit to lowering the drinking age. The Christian Science Monitor, pp. 09-09. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/405547019?accountid=1557

Summary This article is very against lowering the drinking age back to 18. The author argues that the lower the drinking age the higher the percentage of fatal crashes occur. It talks about New Zealand and what happened when they lowered the drinking age. It gives the number of deaths, injuries, physical assaults, and sexual assaults for college students each year. Good article for an argument against lowering the legal drinking age.

Anna Brajcich

A Lower Age would be Unsafe

Findings

Dean-Mooney, Laura. "A Lower Age Would Be Unsafe - US News and World Report." US News & World Report | News & Rankings | Best Colleges, Best Hospitals, and More. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. <http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2008/09/08/a-lower-age-would-be-unsafe>.

Summary

This article argues to keep the drinking age the same. Laura Dean-Mooney is a mother of a student who is about to attend a university and she is worried about her child being exposed to underage drinking. She is also the national president of MADD so this builds her authoritativeness. Her scope of the issue focuses more on the negative scientific aspects of underage drinking.

Colleen Meyers

Law officers' views on enforcement of the minimum drinking age: A four-state

Findings

Wolfson, Mark, Alexander C. Wagennar, and Gary W. Hornseth. "Law Officers' Views on Enforcement of the Minimum Drinking Age: A Four-State Study." Public health reports 110.4 (1995): 428-. ProQuest Research Library. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. <http://search.proquest.com/docview/230148926>.

Summary

This article is a combination of different opinions. A study was taken of law enforcement of the drinking age. It goes on to say that the drinking age should stay the same due to the increase and decrease of drinking over the years. Quantitative data is used to give evidence for the opinions of authors and researchers. It contains a lot of information that is irrelevant to the topi but also has key facts that helpful to understanding your position on the issue.

Sarah Morgan

Keep the Drinking Age at 21

Findings

Corrigan, Robert. "Keep the Drinking Age at 21 - SFGate." Featured Articles From The SFGate. 29 Aug. 2008. Web. 01 Nov. 2011. <http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-08-29/opinion/17122218_1_drinking-age-binge-drinking-underage-drinking>.

Summary

This is an article written by a university president. His personal experience on a college campus gives a perspective that the drinking age should be kept at 21. He discusses the negative social aspects of underage drinking on the students attending colleges nationwide.

Colleen Meyers

Impact of legislation raising the legal drinking age in Massachusetts from 18 to 20

Findings

Hingson, Ralph W.Scotch, NormanMangione, ThomasMeyers, AllanGlantz, LeonardHeeren, TimothyNan LinMucatel, MarcPierce, Glenn. American Journal of Public Health 73.2 (1983): 163-170. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. EBSCO. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. <http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=b0547fa5-1527-4c40-8bec-989ecb6d6d93%40sessionmgr111&vid=3&hid=113&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=pbh&AN=4946084>.

Summary

This article is taking a stand on the impact of changing the drinking age. It gives important facts when it comes to understanding the impact of teenage drinking. Although the ages were changed many years ago, it is an interesting article because it is different. It relates facts from years ago to recent years. It is insightful and easy to understand. Many details are offered and have supporting facts.

Sarah Morgan

Don't make Teen Drinking Easier

Findings

Califano, Joseph A.,. "Don't make Teen Drinking Easier." The Washington Post: B.07. ProQuest. May 11 2003. Web. 31 Oct. 2011 <http://search.proquest.com/docview/409461785? accountid=1557>.

Summary In his article, Califano discusses how the United States has much less problems with drinking then other European countries which have lower drinking ages, 18 being the age in most of these countries. He comes to the conclusion that lowering the drinking age won't help the problem of adolescent drinking in our country. He also states many staggering facts about teen drinking and its harmful effecs.

Brendan Connolly

The Over/Under

Findings

Wallace, S. (2009, The Over/Under. The Camping Magazine, 82(1), 70-70-74. Retrieved from <http://search.proquest.com/docview/235248867?accountid=1557>.

Summary In his article, Wallace describes his views on why he thinks teen drinking exists and has become a problem. He describes how many teen shows involve advertising for alcohol and that teens hear more advertisements for alcohol on the radio than adults do. Wallace's view is that advertising for alcohol has been targeted more at teens than adults who are legal to buy it and that this is the reason for much of our societies problem with teen drinking. Wallace also states many facts about teen drinking and its consequences on teens and our society.

Brendan Connolly

Should the Drinking Age be Lowered?

Findings Cloud, John. "Should the Drinking Age Be Lowered? - TIME." Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews - TIME.com. 06 June 2008. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1812397,00.html

Summary This article offers strong reasons for why the drinking age should be lowered. The opinions are based on statistics and facts but the author adds a lot of his own input as well. Its an article that provides examples about kids partying in college but refutes the idea that the drinking age should be lowered.

Riley Mackey

Medical Research

"Drinking Alcohol Damages Teenagers' Brains"

Finding Hanson, David J. ""Drinking Alcohol Damages Teenagers’ Brains"" WWW2 Webserver. Web. 26 Oct. 2011. <http://www2.potsdam.edu/hansondj/HealthIssues/1127400726.html>.

Summary This article is written by David J Hanson, Ph.D. He talks about whether or not drinking as a youth affects the development of the brain. Although studies show that binge drinking or heavy drinking does impair the brain, there is limited to no research done on youth who just drink light or moderate amounts of alcohol.

Anna Brajcich

"Support of 21 Minimum Drinking Age Law."

Finding Lund, Adrian. "Support of 21 Minimum Drinking Age Law." IIHS-HLDI: Crash Testing & Highway Safety. Web. 09 Dec. 2011. <http://www.iihs.org/research/topics/min_drinking_age/default.html>.

Summary This article provides good information on seeing how raising the drinking age of 18 to 21 in 1975 affected some states and shows the direct relationship between the increased drinking age and lower deaths and fatal car accidents.

Anna Brajcich

"Teen Binge Drinking Can Do Long-Term Brain Damage."

Finding Norton, Amy. "Teen Binge Drinking Can Do Long-Term Brain Damage." Jeff Rense Program. Web. 09 Dec. 2011. <http://www.rense.com/general63/dolon.htm>.

Summary This article provides a very interesting study that was done on adolescent boys and girls who were alcohol dependent compared to non-alcohol dependent adolescents and its shows and explains what the test results were and proves that alcohol does cause long term damage to the brain.

Anna Brajcich

Fact Sheets-Underage Drinking

Finding "CDC - Fact Sheets-Underage Drinking - Alcohol." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web. 26 Oct. 2011. <http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact- sheets/underage-drinking.htm>.

Summary This is a very good article to read because it gives specific consequences for underage drinking. It provides statistics on how much alcohol youth actually consume compared to adults. It provides results from surveys that were taken in 2009 by high school students on how much alcohol they consumed in the last month.

Anna Brajcich

Lowering the Minimum Drinking Age and its Affect on Youth

Findings Wechsler, Henry, and Toben F. Nelson. “Will Increasing Alcohol Availability By Lowering the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Decrease Drinking and Related Consequences Among Youth.” American Journal of Public Health 100.6 (2010): 986-992. EBSCO. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. <http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?>.

Summary This article is very informational and the authors are straightforward. The authors bring in many different researchers opinions and statistics that are helpful when understanding the drinking age. It is a fairly recent article tat consists statistics that explain the different affects that drinking can have on youth in general and the brain.

Sarah Morgan

The Adolescent Brain and the College Drinker

Findings Spear, Linda P. "The Adolescent Brain and the College Drinker." Biological Basis of Propensity to Use and Misuse Alcohol. Department of Psychology and Center for Developmental Psychobiology, 2002. Web. 28 Oct. 2011. <http://www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov/media/Journal/071-Spear.pdf>.

Summary This article was discussing the effect that drinking has on the brain. It gave information on how it effects the structure as well as the functions. Unlike other articles that discuss the medical side of the drinking age has on the brain, this article also talks about the issue. There was information and statistics given for both sides of the argument but mainly gave facts about the brain.

Sarah Morgan

The Health Effects of Teen Alcohol Use

Findings

Payne, Kattie. “The Health Effects of Teen Alcohol Use” Teens and Alcohol (2002). Web. 30 Oct. 2011 <http://www.teendrugabuse.us/teensandalcohol.html>.

Summary In her article, Brody discusses alcohols effects on adults and teens and how they differ. She discusses how alcohol has a long-term effect on teens that is irreversible and that it presents consequences for our society as well. These consequences include high-risk sex, suicide, drinking while driving, and sexual assault.

Brendan Connolly

Alcohol's Effects on the Adolescent Brain: What Can Be Learned From Animal Models

Findings

Swartzwelder, H. S. "Alcohol's Effects on the Adolescent Brain: What can be Learned from Animal Models." Alcohol Research and Health 28.4 (2004): 213,213-221. ProQuest. PROQUESTMS. 29 Oct. 2011 <http://search.proquest.com/docview/222455752?accountid=1557>.

Summary This article gives stunning research that was found about the effects that alcohol has on the adolescent brain as compared to the adult brain. In the study to was found that alcohol affects learning and memory much more in the brain of adolescents but alcohol doesn't' affect motor-impairment, sedation, and seizures as much as it does in adults. The information in this article was very interesting and gave a lot of insight into the effects of alcohol and whether it is smart for adolescent to be drinking.

Brendan Connolly

Alcohol Alert

Findings

"Alcohol Alert." National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. N.p., 01 01 2006. Web. 1 Nov 2011. <http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/AA67/AA67.htm>.

Summary In this article there are three major topics addressed. Why adolescence drink, what the risks are, and how underage drinking can be prevented. There are also several programs in which the publication found to be helpful for teen drinking that are discussed as well as several side bars and diagrams giving further information.

Brendan Connolly

Alcohol and the Adolescent Brain: Human Studies

Findings

Tapert, Susan F., Lisa Caldwell, and Christina Burke. "Alcohol and the Adolescent Brain: Human Studies." Alcohol Research and Health 28.4 (2004): 205,205-212. ProQuest. PROQUESTMS. 26 Oct. 2011 <http://search.proquest.com/docview/222396060?accountid=1557>.

Summary The actual effects that alcohol on the adolescent brain are explained in this article. Brain structure and function is affected by the consumption of alcohol at an early age according to the findings of this research. It goes on to say how not every young person will be affected the same way because some are more tolerant and some are more sensitive. Different factors can alter this such as family history, drug use, frequency of drinking and so forth.

Riley Mackey

Background History/Legislation

Debate on Lower Drinking Age Bubbling Up

Findings Johnson, Alex. "Debate on Lower Drinking Age Bubbling up - Health - Addictions - Msnbc.com." Msnbc.com - Breaking News, Science and Tech News, World News, US News, Local News- Msnbc.com. 14 Aug. 2007. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. <http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20249460/ns/health-addictions/t/debate-lower-drinking-age-bubbling/>.

Summary This article is helpful when trying to understand the background of the drinking age. The author never took a stand therefore it gave the article more of an information based background. It was nice to read an article when the author didn't have an opinion because I was able to understand the drinking age better and the debates that occur.

Sarah Morgan


Legislation of Drinking Age

Findings

Koroknay/Palicz, Alex. "Legislative Analysis of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act." National Youth Rights Association. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://www.youthrights.org/issues/drinking-age/legislative-analysis/>.

Summary This article helps to give background information on why the minimum drinking age is 21. It gives the drinking age legislation credit to Candy Lightner, the founder of Mothers Against Drunk Driving. It also goes into detail about the path this bill took to make the legal drinking age 21, such as the disputes over it and some of the other people who helped to push to make this a law. It breaks it down to show who was for the bill and who was not. It also highlights the media's role on the passing of the bill.


Colleen Meyers

Minimum Legal Drinking Age

Findings

"Minimum Legal Drinking Age." American Medical Association - Physicians, Medical Students & Patients (AMA). Web. 24 Oct. 2011. <http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/public-health/promoting-healthy-lifestyles/alcohol-other-drug-abuse/facts-about-youth-alcohol/minimum-legal-drinking-age.page>.

Summary This article will be helpful when comparing the amount of fatal crashes when the minimum legal drinking age was 18 or now 21. It gives a brief history of when and how many states had lower drinking ages than 21 and why all the states changed the age to 21. At the end, it talks about Europeans and how they have more diseases because of the alcohol consumption compared to the US, but the fatal car crash percentage is lower because they don't get their license till they are older. This site gives a few numbers we could use.

Anna Brajcich

Will Increasing Alcohol Availability By Lowering the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Decrease Drinking and Related Consequences Among Youths?

Findings

Wechsler, H., & Nelson, T. F., ScD. (2010). Will increasing alcohol availability by lowering the minimum legal drinking age decrease drinking and related consequences among youths? American Journal of Public Health, 100(6), 986-986-92. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/347533689?accountid=1557

Summary This article is very long but has some great information in it. It talks about reasons for being in support of lowering the legal drinking age to 18, one being so people know how to react to alcohol and controls themselves at a younger age reducing the chance of being an alcoholic or have alcohol problems when they get older. It talks about health issues, for example alcohol consumption is the third most common cause of death. It again gives a brief history of the past drinking ages. It talks about college drinking and lastly it talks about reducing underage drinking and its consequences. Very detailed article but worth reading.

Anna Brajcich

Alcohol Abuse and its Effects on the Economy

Finding More, Jared. "Treatment Solutions Network Drug Treatment and Recovery Articles » Alcohol Abuse and Its Effects on the Economy." Alcohol - Drug Rehab Clinics - Addiction Treatment Centers - Treatment Solutions Network. Web. 26 Oct. 2011. <http://www.treatmentsolutionsnetwork.com/blog/index.php/2008/09/08/alcohol-abuse-and-its-effects-on-the-economy/>.

Summary This article shows how the effects of alcohol impact economy. According the the National Institute of Alcohol and Alcoholism, the U.S. economy loses about $185 billion dollars every year because of alcohol-related problems. It talks about drunk driving costs, medical and social costs, workplace costs, and treatment and prevention. Very interesting!

Anna Brajcich

Legislation of Drinking Age

Findings

Koroknay/Palicz, Alex. "Legislative Analysis of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act." National Youth Rights Association. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://www.youthrights.org/issues/drinking-age/legislative-analysis/>.

Summary This article helps to give background information on why the minimum drinking age is 21. It gives the drinking age legislation credit to Candy Lightner, the founder of Mothers Against Drunk Driving. It also goes into detail about the path this bill took to make the legal drinking age 21, such as the disputes over it and some of the other people who helped to push to make this a law. It breaks it down to show who was for the bill and who was not. It also highlights the media's role on the passing of the bill.


Colleen Meyers

International Perspectives on Adolescent and Young Adult Drinking

"International Perspectives on Adolescent and Young Adult Drinking." Alcohol Research and Health 28.4 (2004): 258,258-268. ProQuest. PROQUESTMS. 26 Oct. 2011 <http://search.proquest.com/docview/222392591?accountid=1557>.

Summary This article tries to explain the different drinking habits and tendencies among different areas and cultures. It tries to find different behaviors among adolescent drinkers in different countries. Examples include levels of intoxication, lifetime frequency of drinking, time spent drinking and many others. It is a very useful article because it uses school-based surveys and facts.

Riley Mackey

18 or 21? Drinking age debate heats up

Leder, Dave. "18 Or 21? Drinking Age Debate Heats Up." Yakima Herald - Republic Sep 03 2008: A.1. Washington State Newsstand. PROQUESTMS. 26 Oct. 2011 <http://search.proquest.com/docview/371838984?accountid=1557>.

Summary This article is about the debate on wether the drinking age should be lowered to 18 years old or stay at the already existing age of 21. Examples on both sides are given with the main points for 18 being that because at this age we can participate in even more important things such as voting and war, why cant we consume alcohol. This stand is more about personal choice and freedom. The argument for it to remain the same is that it would be more accessible to even younger ages now and put more people at risk on the roads. Finally a neutral point is that the key to being safe while drinking is not age but education and this needs to play a bigger role than it already does.

Riley Mackey

Adults Confront Teen-Age Drinking

Laquidara Hill, Jean. "Adults Confront Teen-Age Drinking // Parents, Officials are Fighting Back." Telegram & Gazette: B.1. ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry. Nov 03 1996. Web. 31 Oct. 2011 <http://search.proquest.com/docview/268621856?accountid=1557>.

Summary In this article, the author--Jean Hill--describes how parents are confronting the topic of teen-age drinking. While drinking has always been prevalent in the past it is becoming increasingly prevalent each year. While the number of deaths due to driving accidents involving teens drinking has decreased over the years, deaths due to alcohol among teens hasn't. She describes how many teens are becoming intoxicated and getting into other types of accidents that are causing harm and often death such as walking on dark streets where they can't be seen by motorists.

Brendan Connolly

Coping with cold, hard facts on teen-age drinking

Findings

Brody, J. e. (1999, Apr 06). Coping with cold, hard facts on teen-age drinking. New York Times, pp. F.6- 6. Retrieved from <http://search.proquest.com/docview/431146041?accountid=1557>.

Summary In his article, Brody describes the horrific statistics surrounding the epidemic of teen drinking in the U.S. He describes the current and future side-effects that alcohol use has on adolescence and says that parents need to do more to stop the problem. He discusses how parents need to be careful about their drinking behaviors around their kids and make it clear that drinking to get drunk is not good and not how alcohol is meant to be used.

Brendan Connolly

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