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==15/16 MAR==
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==11: OCT 6==
  
===Stoicism Basics===
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===Assigned===
  
:*Stoic View of the God, Self and Nature
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:*Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality" (17)
::*Rationality of the Cosmos
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:*Writing exercise: How WEIRD is Morality?
::*Corporealism
 
::*Pantheism - God is force in nature, life. Not a unified consciousness.
 
::*Rationality in us (also God in us): the "hegemonikon"
 
  
:*A metaphysical insight from stoic determinism:  Because the cosmos is rational and determined by a benign force, everything that happens is providential and our appropriate (wise) attitude toward it should be acceptance. (a perfection!)  (Note that this idea profoundly influenced Christianity - consider, for example the Serenity Prayer.  Seeing it in the pantheist corporealist Stoic might make it easier to imagine as a possible belief for an atheist.  FATE =GOD)  -- discussion
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===Brief Survey on Student Engagement in Hybrid course delivery===
  
:*Stoic View of Virtue
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:*Please take the following anonymous [https://gonzaga.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_3I98g1ecsTe59ZP survey].
::*Virtue required by our rational nature.  
 
::*Virtue should be a sufficient goal for a rational creature.  
 
::*Happiness is welcome but may depend upon many things I can't control.
 
  
:*Stoic Psychology
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===Final Stage of Sapolsky Writing Assignment===
  
::*Rationality and the goal of tranquility
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:*'''Stage 4''': Back-evaluation: After you receive your peer comments and my evaluation, take a few minutes to fill out this quick "back evaluation" rating form: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdgKCYITDTSOOHcvC3TAVNK-EZDsP4jiiyPj-7jdpRoNUsLPA/viewform?usp=sf_link]. '''Fill out the form for each reviewer, but not Alfino.'''  Up to 10 points, in Points.
::*Analysis of suffering as "mismatch" between reality and our desires
 
::*Reason to think that achievement of virtue will create conditions for happiness.
 
::*Connection to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_emotive_behavior_therapy Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy#Philosophical_roots Cognitive Behavior Therapy]
 
  
===Epictetus, Enchiridion===
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::*Back evaluations are due '''Thursday, October 8, 11:59pm'''.
  
*Key Idea:  To realize our rational nature (and the joy that only rational being can know), we need to adjust our thinking about our lives to what we know about reality.
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===Some samples from Henrich's, "The Weirdest People on Earth"===
  
:*"Some things are in our control and others are not."
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:*p. 25: "Who Am I?" taskShow charts
:*"Confine your aversion" and understand the limits of things(Sounds like an “aversion” retraining program based on knowledge claims.)
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:*p. 28: sociocentric vs. individualistic
:*Infamous #3. Read with #7, #8, and #14, in case we’re being too subtle.
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:*p. 34: guilt vs. shame
:*Something like mindfulness, #4
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:*p. 44: impersonal honesty research (recall Ariely)
:*Limits of pride.  Catching the mind exaggerating.
 
:*Desire: #15
 
:*Comportment in later points of the enchiridion. (Unabashedly hierarchal -- recall "mix of elements")
 
  
:*Moving toward assessment:
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===Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality"===
::*"men of stone" objection: overdominance of reason - not sure the cosmic plan requires me to devalue everything "slavish" or nonrational; "men of stone"; counsel of passivity; rejection of determinism; rejection of providential character or universe. 
 
::*Objections to the dichotomy of control
 
::*Unrealistic view of social life.
 
  
:*Group Discussion:  Consider the stoic diagnosis of suffering (note comparison to Buddhism) and the remedy proposedConsider typical objections and defensesHow does stoicism fare as a wisdom outlook and therapy?
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====WEIRD Morality====
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:*WEIRD morality is the morality of Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic cultures
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::*just as likely to be bothered by taboo violations, but more likely to set aside feelings of disgust and allow violations
 +
::*only group with majority allowing chicken story violation.
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::*"the weirder you are the more likely you are to see the world in terms of separate objects, rather than relationships"  "sociocentric" moralities vs. individualistic moralities; Enlightenment moralities of Kant and Mill are rationalist, individualist, and universalist.   
 +
::*survey data on East/West differences in sentence completion: "I am..."
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::*framed-line task 97
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:*Kantian and Millian ethical thought is rationalist, rule based, and universalist.  Just the ethical theory you would expect from the culture.   
  
===Stoic Dates===
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====A 3 channel moral matrix====
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:*Schweder's anthropology: ethics of autonomy, community, divinity 99-100 - gloss each...
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::*claims Schweder's theory predicts responses on taboo violation tests, is descriptively accurate.
 +
::*ethic of divinity: body as temple vs. playground
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::*vertical dimension to values.  explains reactions to flag desecration, piss Christ, thought exp: desecration of liberal icons.  (Note connection to contemporary conflicts, such as the Charlie Hebdot massacre.)
  
:*368- 283 Crates of Thebes - friend of Antisthenes (445-365), who was a pupil of Socrates (469-399)
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====Making Sense of Moral/Cultural Difference====
:*333-262 Zeno of Citium - credited as founder of Stoicism
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:*'''Haidt's Bhubaneswar experience''': diverse (intense) continua of moral values related to purity. (opposite of disgust). Confusing at first, but notice that he started to like his hosts (elephant) and then started to think about how their values might work.  Stop and think about how a mind might create this.  Detail about airline passenger.
:*331-232 Cleanthes
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:*Theorizing with Paul Rozin on the right model for thinking about moral foundations: "Our theory, in brief" (103)
:*277-204 Chrysippus of Soli - 705 rolls written, 0 survive to date
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:*American politics often about sense of "sacrilege", not just about defining rights (autonomy). Not just harm, but types of moral disgust.
:*fl. 200 Zeno of Tarsus
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:*'''Stepping out of the Matrix''': H's metaphor for seeing his own cultural moral values as more "contingent" than before, when it felt like the natural advocacy of what seem true and right.  Reports growing self awareness of liberal orientation of intellectual culture in relation to Shweder's view.  Social conservatives made more sense to him after studying in India.
:*230-150 Diogenes of Babylon - famous visit to Rome to spread stoicism (156-155)
 
:*200-129 Antipater of Tarsus
 
:*Posidonius of Apemen - contemporary of Cicero (106-43)
 
:*3-65 Seneca
 
:*50-135 Epictetus
 
:*121-180 Marcus Aurelius
 
  
===Boyd and Richerson, "Culture and the Evolution of Human Cooperation"===
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===Small Group Discussion===
 
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:*Discussion questions:
:*Gene culture co-evolution (also, "dual inheritance" or "bio-cultural") theory.  Three necessary hypotheses:
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::*Does it make sense to talk about "stepping out of a matrix"? Is this a temporary thing?  What value might it have in your experience?
 
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::*Do you have a parallel story to Haidt's(Mention travel experiences.)
::*1. Learning is a form of rapid cultural adaptation that accounts for key aspects of human culture. (extension of "Baldwin effect")
 
::*2. This process naturally produces "evolutionarily stable" but diverse strategies which divide humans into competitive groups. Imitation plays a key role in eliminating comp. adv. over time, but groups are often competitors and threatened by freeloaders.  (This is where "large scale cooperation" comes into play. Note their puzzle about this.)
 
::*3. Culture exerts a selection pressure on individuals who have traits that directly or indirectly favor the group's strategy (note: whether it is a successful one or not. Easter Islanders.  Mention next week's guest: Duddie's Branch. Positive Example: Pro-social emotions. might be a culturally created selection pressure for this via learning.)
 
 
 
:*For B&R, this gene culture co-evolution makes group selection plausible.  3282
 
::*cooperation: "costly behavior performed by one individual that increases the payoff of others. (start with reciprocal altruism - explain - arrive at civic virtue)
 
::*multiple "stable equilibrium points" create variation among groups.  Something environment can select over.
 
 
:*Mechanisms of cultural transmission:
 
::*intergroup competition
 
::*imitation of success
 
::*migration
 
 
 
:*discussion at p. 3286: evolved emotions: shame and guilt.  But also "awe" and transcendence?
 

Latest revision as of 19:51, 6 October 2020

11: OCT 6

Assigned

  • Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality" (17)
  • Writing exercise: How WEIRD is Morality?

Brief Survey on Student Engagement in Hybrid course delivery

  • Please take the following anonymous survey.

Final Stage of Sapolsky Writing Assignment

  • Stage 4: Back-evaluation: After you receive your peer comments and my evaluation, take a few minutes to fill out this quick "back evaluation" rating form: [1]. Fill out the form for each reviewer, but not Alfino. Up to 10 points, in Points.
  • Back evaluations are due Thursday, October 8, 11:59pm.

Some samples from Henrich's, "The Weirdest People on Earth"

  • p. 25: "Who Am I?" task. Show charts
  • p. 28: sociocentric vs. individualistic
  • p. 34: guilt vs. shame
  • p. 44: impersonal honesty research (recall Ariely).

Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality"

WEIRD Morality

  • WEIRD morality is the morality of Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic cultures
  • just as likely to be bothered by taboo violations, but more likely to set aside feelings of disgust and allow violations
  • only group with majority allowing chicken story violation.
  • "the weirder you are the more likely you are to see the world in terms of separate objects, rather than relationships" "sociocentric" moralities vs. individualistic moralities; Enlightenment moralities of Kant and Mill are rationalist, individualist, and universalist.
  • survey data on East/West differences in sentence completion: "I am..."
  • framed-line task 97
  • Kantian and Millian ethical thought is rationalist, rule based, and universalist. Just the ethical theory you would expect from the culture.

A 3 channel moral matrix

  • Schweder's anthropology: ethics of autonomy, community, divinity 99-100 - gloss each...
  • claims Schweder's theory predicts responses on taboo violation tests, is descriptively accurate.
  • ethic of divinity: body as temple vs. playground
  • vertical dimension to values. explains reactions to flag desecration, piss Christ, thought exp: desecration of liberal icons. (Note connection to contemporary conflicts, such as the Charlie Hebdot massacre.)

Making Sense of Moral/Cultural Difference

  • Haidt's Bhubaneswar experience: diverse (intense) continua of moral values related to purity. (opposite of disgust). Confusing at first, but notice that he started to like his hosts (elephant) and then started to think about how their values might work. Stop and think about how a mind might create this. Detail about airline passenger.
  • Theorizing with Paul Rozin on the right model for thinking about moral foundations: "Our theory, in brief" (103)
  • American politics often about sense of "sacrilege", not just about defining rights (autonomy). Not just harm, but types of moral disgust.
  • Stepping out of the Matrix: H's metaphor for seeing his own cultural moral values as more "contingent" than before, when it felt like the natural advocacy of what seem true and right. Reports growing self awareness of liberal orientation of intellectual culture in relation to Shweder's view. Social conservatives made more sense to him after studying in India.

Small Group Discussion

  • Discussion questions:
  • Does it make sense to talk about "stepping out of a matrix"? Is this a temporary thing? What value might it have in your experience?
  • Do you have a parallel story to Haidt's? (Mention travel experiences.)