Difference between revisions of "Tem"

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==APR 12: 23 ==
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==11: OCT 6==
  
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===Montgomery, Chapter 8: Dirty Business===
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===Assigned===
  
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:*Tsangpo River culture in Tibet, exception to soil erosion story.  silt and soil cared for, but also animals fertilize fields. 
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:*Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality" (17)
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:*Writing exercise: How WEIRD is Morality?
  
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:*History of cultivation in China, emergence of wetland rice production (patties allow for nitrogen fixing algae), early 20th cent. 70-80 percent of income on food.  199-2003 crop yields down 10%.  (Note: Question of food import dependence gets people's attention. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/chriswright/2014/02/11/when-chinas-food-runs-out/#29bdc9636f43]
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===Brief Survey on Student Engagement in Hybrid course delivery===
  
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:*discoveries of nitrogen and phosphorous (late 18th cent.), potassium and calcium in 1808. (note Justus von Liebig, claim that form of soil ammedment doesn't matter, but still rec. organic soil cultivation), early fertilizer factory, 1843, using sulfuric acid on phosphate to make it available to plants -1843 John Lawes.
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:*Please take the following anonymous [https://gonzaga.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_3I98g1ecsTe59ZP survey].
  
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:*1838: discovery of nitrogen fixing plants, but not till 1888 do we get the microbial mechanism.  Guano deposits, phosphate mining, Franklin Pierce 1856 Guano Island Act (pretty extraordinary - allowed US citizens to claim guano islands).  set off a kind of "gold rush" over guano.  Rape of Nauru.
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===Final Stage of Sapolsky Writing Assignment===
  
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:*Pre-civil war Mississippi state geologist, Eugene Hilgard and mid-19th soil science: 1872: talk on how soil exhaustion shapes fate of civilizations (early version of montgomery's thesis!)  Understood importance of manure and replenishing minerals. Goes to California to figure out problem of alkaline soils. Salt leeching from rock.  "H's 1892 landmark report laid out the basic idea that the physical and chemical character of soils reflect ... regional climate and vegetation. Disputes with South Carolina professor Milton  Whitney, who thought moisture and texture alone explained soil fertility. Infamous proclamation as 1901 head of USDA: soil is inexhaustible. King fired by Whitney for agreeing with Hilgard.  examples, at 194 of crazy explanations Whitney offered to account for soil depletion without acknowledging it.  Ex. he thought fertilizers accelarated soil production from rocks.  productivity differences due to social causes.
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:*'''Stage 4''': Back-evaluation: After you receive your peer comments and my evaluation, take a few minutes to fill out this quick "back evaluation" rating form: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdgKCYITDTSOOHcvC3TAVNK-EZDsP4jiiyPj-7jdpRoNUsLPA/viewform?usp=sf_link].  '''Fill out the form for each reviewer, but not Alfino.''' Up to 10 points, in Points.
  
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:*193: Story of natural nitrogen formation.  Phorphorus mining and depletion by 1st WW.
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::*Back evaluations are due '''Thursday, October 8, 11:59pm'''.
  
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:*Story of industrial nitrogen: bombs and fertilzer, need to secure sources: 196:German nitro technology.  Fritz Haber.  Haber-Bosch process.  post ww2 nitrogen production, further separated animal ag from plant ag. 1920s new version of the process converts methane to ammonia.  Global nitrogen production, 197. [http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6895e.pdf More current info]
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===Some samples from Henrich's, "The Weirdest People on Earth"===
  
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:*Green Revolution -- high-yield strains for wheat and rice, combined with nitrogen fert.  1970 Nobel Prize to Norman Borlaug. top of 198 - probs with Green Revolution. By 1980s population growth consumed crop yield growth. reduced viability of non-capitalized farms.  Mention Songhai Center. Oil dependence: ag used 30% of petroleum production. USDA estimate: 1/2 of fertilizer used to replace nutrients lost through soil erosion.   
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:*p. 25: "Who Am I?" task.  Show charts
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:*p. 28: sociocentric vs. individualistic
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:*p. 34: guilt vs. shame
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:*p. 44: impersonal honesty research (recall Ariely).   
  
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:*Can organic farming match yields from nitrogen/oil farming?  Pennsylvania study at p. 201. 
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===Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality"===
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:*Modern Organic Movement: starts with 1930s Sir Albert Howard and Edward Faulkner.  animal waste crucial. early composter advocates, early warning on synth nitrogen. Faulkner argued against ploughing.  "alt-Ag"  Wes Jackson, Land Institute, Salinas KS.  Check them out.  Still working on a no plough wheat. "natural systems agriculture" (also compatible with "permaculture")
 
  
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:*207: Barry Commoner, Center for Biology of Natural Systems at Wash U.  study claiming organic farms produce similar yields as industrial methods.   Others claims within 2%.  Mid- 80s research by John Reganold [http://css.wsu.edu/people/faculty/john-p-reganold/] on two farms near Spokane, check out his Ted talk [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGBZZh8Oqyo] What if industrial agriculture is partly a culture conception of how to produce food rather than a market based or science based approach?
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====WEIRD Morality====
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:*WEIRD morality is the morality of Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic cultures
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::*just as likely to be bothered by taboo violations, but more likely to set aside feelings of disgust and allow violations
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::*only group with majority allowing chicken story violation.
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::*"the weirder you are the more likely you are to see the world in terms of separate objects, rather than relationships" "sociocentric" moralities vs. individualistic moralities; Enlightenment moralities of Kant and Mill are rationalist, individualist, and universalist.   
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::*survey data on East/West differences in sentence completion: "I am..."
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::*framed-line task 97
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:*Kantian and Millian ethical thought is rationalist, rule based, and universalist. Just the ethical theory you would expect from the culture.   
  
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:*(Some recent sceptical doubts: Can these results be scaled up? What are the inputs for human labor?  p. 208 mentions 1/3 higher labor costs.)
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====A 3 channel moral matrix====
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:*Schweder's anthropology: ethics of autonomy, community, divinity 99-100 - gloss each...
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::*claims Schweder's theory predicts responses on taboo violation tests, is descriptively accurate.
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::*ethic of divinity: body as temple vs. playground
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::*vertical dimension to values.  explains reactions to flag desecration, piss Christ, thought exp: desecration of liberal icons. (Note connection to contemporary conflicts, such as the Charlie Hebdot massacre.)  
  
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:*208-209: more comparative research on organic/commerical ag.  Farm subsidies and effect on farm size/corporate farming. 210 1/10 of ag producers get 2/3 of subsidies.  
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====Making Sense of Moral/Cultural Difference====
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:*'''Haidt's Bhubaneswar experience''': diverse (intense) continua of moral values related to purity. (opposite of disgust). Confusing at first, but notice that he started to like his hosts (elephant) and then started to think about how their values might work.  Stop and think about how a mind might create this.  Detail about airline passenger.
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:*Theorizing with Paul Rozin on the right model for thinking about moral foundations: "Our theory, in brief" (103)
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:*American politics often about sense of "sacrilege", not just about defining rights (autonomy).  Not just harm, but types of moral disgust.
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:*'''Stepping out of the Matrix''': H's metaphor for seeing his own cultural moral values as more "contingent" than before, when it felt like the natural advocacy of what seem true and right.  Reports growing self awareness of liberal orientation of intellectual culture in relation to Shweder's view.  Social conservatives made more sense to him after studying in India.  
  
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:*211 on: update on no-till and conservation tilling.  catching on.  Food Security Acts of 1985 and 1990 mandate conservation plans for farms.  soil erosion contributes directly to climate change - oxidation of organic material releases CO2.  Soil conservation sequesters co2.
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===Small Group Discussion===
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:*Discussion questions:
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:*story of Quincy, WA. Cenex toxic fertilizer scandal.  
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::*Does it make sense to talk about "stepping out of a matrix"? Is this a temporary thing? What value might it have in your experience?
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::*Do you have a parallel story to Haidt's?  (Mention travel experiences.)
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:*(This account could easily incorporate the stories of the Montana farmers in the gripping "Lentil Underground" -- a good book group book.)
 

Latest revision as of 19:51, 6 October 2020

11: OCT 6

Assigned

  • Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality" (17)
  • Writing exercise: How WEIRD is Morality?

Brief Survey on Student Engagement in Hybrid course delivery

  • Please take the following anonymous survey.

Final Stage of Sapolsky Writing Assignment

  • Stage 4: Back-evaluation: After you receive your peer comments and my evaluation, take a few minutes to fill out this quick "back evaluation" rating form: [1]. Fill out the form for each reviewer, but not Alfino. Up to 10 points, in Points.
  • Back evaluations are due Thursday, October 8, 11:59pm.

Some samples from Henrich's, "The Weirdest People on Earth"

  • p. 25: "Who Am I?" task. Show charts
  • p. 28: sociocentric vs. individualistic
  • p. 34: guilt vs. shame
  • p. 44: impersonal honesty research (recall Ariely).

Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality"

WEIRD Morality

  • WEIRD morality is the morality of Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic cultures
  • just as likely to be bothered by taboo violations, but more likely to set aside feelings of disgust and allow violations
  • only group with majority allowing chicken story violation.
  • "the weirder you are the more likely you are to see the world in terms of separate objects, rather than relationships" "sociocentric" moralities vs. individualistic moralities; Enlightenment moralities of Kant and Mill are rationalist, individualist, and universalist.
  • survey data on East/West differences in sentence completion: "I am..."
  • framed-line task 97
  • Kantian and Millian ethical thought is rationalist, rule based, and universalist. Just the ethical theory you would expect from the culture.

A 3 channel moral matrix

  • Schweder's anthropology: ethics of autonomy, community, divinity 99-100 - gloss each...
  • claims Schweder's theory predicts responses on taboo violation tests, is descriptively accurate.
  • ethic of divinity: body as temple vs. playground
  • vertical dimension to values. explains reactions to flag desecration, piss Christ, thought exp: desecration of liberal icons. (Note connection to contemporary conflicts, such as the Charlie Hebdot massacre.)

Making Sense of Moral/Cultural Difference

  • Haidt's Bhubaneswar experience: diverse (intense) continua of moral values related to purity. (opposite of disgust). Confusing at first, but notice that he started to like his hosts (elephant) and then started to think about how their values might work. Stop and think about how a mind might create this. Detail about airline passenger.
  • Theorizing with Paul Rozin on the right model for thinking about moral foundations: "Our theory, in brief" (103)
  • American politics often about sense of "sacrilege", not just about defining rights (autonomy). Not just harm, but types of moral disgust.
  • Stepping out of the Matrix: H's metaphor for seeing his own cultural moral values as more "contingent" than before, when it felt like the natural advocacy of what seem true and right. Reports growing self awareness of liberal orientation of intellectual culture in relation to Shweder's view. Social conservatives made more sense to him after studying in India.

Small Group Discussion

  • Discussion questions:
  • Does it make sense to talk about "stepping out of a matrix"? Is this a temporary thing? What value might it have in your experience?
  • Do you have a parallel story to Haidt's? (Mention travel experiences.)
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