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===Notes from Ethics on Inequality===
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==11: OCT 6==
  
:*Some thoughts on inequality:
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===Assigned===
  
::*'''Traditional arguments''' against great inequality of wealth and income.  Aristotle, an aristocrat, argued that neither the very rich nor the very poor should rule.  Modern political theory echoes the idea that a middle class provides stability to a societyThat doesn't occur in extreme inequality. Montesquieu and other argued that Rome fell in part from rule by the few. Word for the day: oligarchy!
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:*Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality" (17)
::*'''American arguments & history''' -- plenty of egalitarianism in our historyDe Toqueville, 1774 top 1% had 8% of earnings. 2012 top 1% had 19% of income. Most people worked for themselves.
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:*Writing exercise: How WEIRD is Morality?
:::*But then the Gilded Age: by ate 18th century, 6% owned 66% percent of national wealth.
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:::*But then the Progressive Era / New Deal. Income tax, direct election of senators, 1st campaign finance laws.  
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===Brief Survey on Student Engagement in Hybrid course delivery===
::::*1928: top 10% takes home 46% of income
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::::*1951-82: top 10% income share never exceeds 33%Poverty rate drops from 34% in 60s to 11% in 70s.   
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:*Please take the following anonymous [https://gonzaga.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_3I98g1ecsTe59ZP survey].
:::*But then, the 80s-present: 
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::::*2017: top 10% owned 77% of wealth (more than Gilded Era), 20 richest americans > bottom 1/2 of US pop.  152million people.  CEO earnings as a multiple of workers up 10x by 2013.
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===Final Stage of Sapolsky Writing Assignment===
::::*Connection between extreme inequality and oligarchs(Alot of this is drawn from a recent article [http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2018/05/10/taxing-the-poor/])
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::*'''Contemporary Approaches''': How might a social science / evolutionary psych / ethical naturalist (aka MFT) approach inequality?
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:*'''Stage 4''': Back-evaluation: After you receive your peer comments and my evaluation, take a few minutes to fill out this quick "back evaluation" rating form: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdgKCYITDTSOOHcvC3TAVNK-EZDsP4jiiyPj-7jdpRoNUsLPA/viewform?usp=sf_link].  '''Fill out the form for each reviewer, but not Alfino.'''  Up to 10 points, in Points.
:::*Accepting or rejecting inequality: Authority/Subversion & Liberty/Oppression -- both regard the challenge of maintaining status in hierarchical society and responding to bullies (some oligarchs have a tendency to be bullies!).  Care/Harm  Fairness/Cheating is also a way into this issue when bottom group is suffering or when advantages seem unrelated to opportunity or merit.
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:::*Is there an ideological dimension to our understanding of inequality? Ariely / Norton research [http://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2014/09/americans_have_no_idea_how_bad_inequality_is_new_harvard_business_school.html] What's going on here? Does our cluelessness about inequality mean something?  What are the boundaries of inequality and stratification in our psychology?  
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::*Back evaluations are due '''Thursday, October 8, 11:59pm'''.
:::::*Hypothesis generation....
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:::*Pinker: Big difference now: We have inequality without poverty (in wealthy world).  Evo pscych: Maybe we don't have a framework for understanding inequalityHow much inequality might we accept in a wealth global future?  Thought experiment. From oligarchy to the new nobility.
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===Some samples from Henrich's, "The Weirdest People on Earth"===
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 +
:*p. 25: "Who Am I?" taskShow charts
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:*p. 28: sociocentric vs. individualistic
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:*p. 34: guilt vs. shame
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:*p. 44: impersonal honesty research (recall Ariely). 
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 +
===Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality"===
 +
 
 +
====WEIRD Morality====
 +
:*WEIRD morality is the morality of Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic cultures
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::*just as likely to be bothered by taboo violations, but more likely to set aside feelings of disgust and allow violations
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::*only group with majority allowing chicken story violation.
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::*"the weirder you are the more likely you are to see the world in terms of separate objects, rather than relationships"  "sociocentric" moralities vs. individualistic moralities; Enlightenment moralities of Kant and Mill are rationalist, individualist, and universalist.
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::*survey data on East/West differences in sentence completion: "I am..."
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::*framed-line task 97
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:*Kantian and Millian ethical thought is rationalist, rule based, and universalistJust the ethical theory you would expect from the culture.   
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 +
====A 3 channel moral matrix====
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:*Schweder's anthropology: ethics of autonomy, community, divinity 99-100 - gloss each...
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::*claims Schweder's theory predicts responses on taboo violation tests, is descriptively accurate.
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::*ethic of divinity: body as temple vs. playground
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::*vertical dimension to valuesexplains reactions to flag desecration, piss Christ, thought exp: desecration of liberal icons. (Note connection to contemporary conflicts, such as the Charlie Hebdot massacre.)
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 +
====Making Sense of Moral/Cultural Difference====
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:*'''Haidt's Bhubaneswar experience''': diverse (intense) continua of moral values related to purity. (opposite of disgust). Confusing at first, but notice that he started to like his hosts (elephant) and then started to think about how their values might workStop and think about how a mind might create this.  Detail about airline passenger.
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:*Theorizing with Paul Rozin on the right model for thinking about moral foundations: "Our theory, in brief" (103)
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:*American politics often about sense of "sacrilege", not just about defining rights (autonomy). Not just harm, but types of moral disgust.
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:*'''Stepping out of the Matrix''': H's metaphor for seeing his own cultural moral values as more "contingent" than before, when it felt like the natural advocacy of what seem true and right.  Reports growing self awareness of liberal orientation of intellectual culture in relation to Shweder's view. Social conservatives made more sense to him after studying in India.
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===Small Group Discussion===
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:*Discussion questions:
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::*Does it make sense to talk about "stepping out of a matrix"? Is this a temporary thing? What value might it have in your experience?
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::*Do you have a parallel story to Haidt's(Mention travel experiences.)

Latest revision as of 19:51, 6 October 2020

11: OCT 6

Assigned

  • Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality" (17)
  • Writing exercise: How WEIRD is Morality?

Brief Survey on Student Engagement in Hybrid course delivery

  • Please take the following anonymous survey.

Final Stage of Sapolsky Writing Assignment

  • Stage 4: Back-evaluation: After you receive your peer comments and my evaluation, take a few minutes to fill out this quick "back evaluation" rating form: [1]. Fill out the form for each reviewer, but not Alfino. Up to 10 points, in Points.
  • Back evaluations are due Thursday, October 8, 11:59pm.

Some samples from Henrich's, "The Weirdest People on Earth"

  • p. 25: "Who Am I?" task. Show charts
  • p. 28: sociocentric vs. individualistic
  • p. 34: guilt vs. shame
  • p. 44: impersonal honesty research (recall Ariely).

Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality"

WEIRD Morality

  • WEIRD morality is the morality of Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic cultures
  • just as likely to be bothered by taboo violations, but more likely to set aside feelings of disgust and allow violations
  • only group with majority allowing chicken story violation.
  • "the weirder you are the more likely you are to see the world in terms of separate objects, rather than relationships" "sociocentric" moralities vs. individualistic moralities; Enlightenment moralities of Kant and Mill are rationalist, individualist, and universalist.
  • survey data on East/West differences in sentence completion: "I am..."
  • framed-line task 97
  • Kantian and Millian ethical thought is rationalist, rule based, and universalist. Just the ethical theory you would expect from the culture.

A 3 channel moral matrix

  • Schweder's anthropology: ethics of autonomy, community, divinity 99-100 - gloss each...
  • claims Schweder's theory predicts responses on taboo violation tests, is descriptively accurate.
  • ethic of divinity: body as temple vs. playground
  • vertical dimension to values. explains reactions to flag desecration, piss Christ, thought exp: desecration of liberal icons. (Note connection to contemporary conflicts, such as the Charlie Hebdot massacre.)

Making Sense of Moral/Cultural Difference

  • Haidt's Bhubaneswar experience: diverse (intense) continua of moral values related to purity. (opposite of disgust). Confusing at first, but notice that he started to like his hosts (elephant) and then started to think about how their values might work. Stop and think about how a mind might create this. Detail about airline passenger.
  • Theorizing with Paul Rozin on the right model for thinking about moral foundations: "Our theory, in brief" (103)
  • American politics often about sense of "sacrilege", not just about defining rights (autonomy). Not just harm, but types of moral disgust.
  • Stepping out of the Matrix: H's metaphor for seeing his own cultural moral values as more "contingent" than before, when it felt like the natural advocacy of what seem true and right. Reports growing self awareness of liberal orientation of intellectual culture in relation to Shweder's view. Social conservatives made more sense to him after studying in India.

Small Group Discussion

  • Discussion questions:
  • Does it make sense to talk about "stepping out of a matrix"? Is this a temporary thing? What value might it have in your experience?
  • Do you have a parallel story to Haidt's? (Mention travel experiences.)