Difference between revisions of "Tem"

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===Hibbing, Chapter 5: Do You See What I See?===
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==11: OCT 6==
  
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:*Attention Studies research on Political difference:
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===Assigned===
  
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:*Rorschach tests.  seem to trigger different attentional and other biases. 
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:*Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality" (17)
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:*Writing exercise: How WEIRD is Morality?
  
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:*Claim in this chapter: Differences in political temperament are tied to differences in a variety of perception and procession patterns prompted by stimuli.  Liberals and conservatives see the world differently. 
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===Brief Survey on Student Engagement in Hybrid course delivery===
  
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:The Eyes Have it
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:*Please take the following anonymous [https://gonzaga.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_3I98g1ecsTe59ZP survey].
  
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:*eye movement research: gaze cuing test reveal sensitivity to social cues, but tend to be cited as averages.  lots of variation. 
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===Final Stage of Sapolsky Writing Assignment===
  
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:*research question: Are liberals more susceptible to gaze cuing than conservatives?  Yes. liberals slow down under miscuing, but not conservatives.  liberal are more sensitive to social context, conservatives to rules.  121: not necessarily one better than the other.  But, interestingly (122) conservatives and liberals prefer their own attentional biases (at least weakly)!  (Speculate here.)
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:*'''Stage 4''': Back-evaluation: After you receive your peer comments and my evaluation, take a few minutes to fill out this quick "back evaluation" rating form: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdgKCYITDTSOOHcvC3TAVNK-EZDsP4jiiyPj-7jdpRoNUsLPA/viewform?usp=sf_link]. '''Fill out the form for each reviewer, but not Alfino.''' Up to 10 points, in Points.
  
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:Fitting Round Pigs into Square Holes 122
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::*Back evaluations are due '''Thursday, October 8, 11:59pm'''.
  
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:*categorization tests allow us to see variations in cognitive temperament.  hard categorizers vs. soft.  Conservatives / liberals.  124: conservatives more likely to lock onto a task and complete it in a fashion that is both definitive and consistent with instructions. 
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===Some samples from Henrich's, "The Weirdest People on Earth"===
  
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:Italian researcher Luciana Carraro, why do some people tend to pay attention to negative words over positive words?  Used a Stroop Task measuring delay in reporting font color of negative words. Strong correlation with political orientation. "conservatives have a strong vigilence toward negative stimuli." Wasn't so much the valuation placed on negative words, but that negative stimuli triggered more attentional resources.
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:*p. 25: "Who Am I?" task. Show charts
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:*p. 28: sociocentric vs. individualistic
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:*p. 34: guilt vs. shame
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:*p. 44: impersonal honesty research (recall Ariely).   
  
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:*Same researchers did a Dot Probe Test (measuring speed in identifying a gray dot on a postive or negative image.  Assumption that speed equates with attentional disposition toward the stimuli).  Liberals a bit quicker with positive images, conservatives with negative. 
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===Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality"===
  
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:*Hibbing et. al. wanted to replicate the Italian research.  Used a Flanker Task.  (measuring speed in reporting a feature of an image when flanked by two images congruent or incongruent to the main image. Assumption is that the less you are slowed down by incongruence, the more attentional resources you had for the image.) Replicated typical results: we are all faster with angry faces, for example.  Conservative less impacted by the angry faces.  Both groups reacted the same to happy faces.
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====WEIRD Morality====
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:*WEIRD morality is the morality of Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic cultures
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::*just as likely to be bothered by taboo violations, but more likely to set aside feelings of disgust and allow violations
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::*only group with majority allowing chicken story violation.
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::*"the weirder you are the more likely you are to see the world in terms of separate objects, rather than relationships"  "sociocentric" moralities vs. individualistic moralities; Enlightenment moralities of Kant and Mill are rationalist, individualist, and universalist.   
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::*survey data on East/West differences in sentence completion: "I am..."
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::*framed-line task 97
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:*Kantian and Millian ethical thought is rationalist, rule based, and universalist.  Just the ethical theory you would expect from the culture.   
  
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====A 3 channel moral matrix====
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:*Schweder's anthropology: ethics of autonomy, community, divinity 99-100 - gloss each...
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::*claims Schweder's theory predicts responses on taboo violation tests, is descriptively accurate.
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::*ethic of divinity: body as temple vs. playground
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::*vertical dimension to values.  explains reactions to flag desecration, piss Christ, thought exp: desecration of liberal icons.  (Note connection to contemporary conflicts, such as the Charlie Hebdot massacre.)
  
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:What Are You Looking At? 129
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====Making Sense of Moral/Cultural Difference====
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:*'''Haidt's Bhubaneswar experience''': diverse (intense) continua of moral values related to purity. (opposite of disgust). Confusing at first, but notice that he started to like his hosts (elephant) and then started to think about how their values might work.  Stop and think about how a mind might create this.  Detail about airline passenger.
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:*Theorizing with Paul Rozin on the right model for thinking about moral foundations: "Our theory, in brief" (103)
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:*American politics often about sense of "sacrilege", not just about defining rights (autonomy).  Not just harm, but types of moral disgust.
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:*'''Stepping out of the Matrix''':  H's metaphor for seeing his own cultural moral values as more "contingent" than before, when it felt like the natural advocacy of what seem true and right.  Reports growing self awareness of liberal orientation of intellectual culture in relation to Shweder's view.  Social conservatives made more sense to him after studying in India.
  
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:*Eye tracking attentional studies.  Their research measured "dwell time" - time spent looking at an image.  in a study, subjects are shown a group of images.  General bias toward negative images.
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===Small Group Discussion===
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Theorized as having survival value.  Conservatives spend a lot more time on negative images and quick to fix on negative images.  Some weak evidence that liberals focus more on positive images, but sig. results concerned differentials. 
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:*Discussion questions:
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::*Does it make sense to talk about "stepping out of a matrix"? Is this a temporary thing? What value might it have in your experience?
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:Perception is Reality -- But is it real?
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::*Do you have a parallel story to Haidt's? (Mention travel experiences.)
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:*Since liberals and conservatives value positive and negative images in the same way, you might conclude that they see the same world but pay attention to parts of it with different degrees of interest or attention.  But Hibbing et. al. are not so sure. In a study, they asked libs and cons to evaluate pos/neg their view of the status quo on six policy dimensions (134). They seem to assess the reality differently, '''they see different policies at work in the same society''', not just attending more to some stimuli.  '''Political difference might not be difference in preference, but in perception.'''
 
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:*They also did some research on ranking degree of negativity of images and, unlike the Italian research, conservatives did rank negative images more negatively.  In another study (135-6), researchers found that conservatives ranked faces as more dominant and threatening than liberals. 
 
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:You're full of Beans
 
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:*BeanFest -- a research game in which test subjects try to earn points by deciding whether to accept or reject a bean with an unknown point value.  Based on personality, some subjects are more exploratory (accept more beans and get more information), while others are conservative.  But political orientation also predicts strategy.  Shook and Fazio see the result as indicative of differences in data acquisition strategies and learning styles.  Interesting follow-up analysis based on giving test subjects a "final exam" on the bean values.  Similar scores, but different patterns of classification. 
 
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:*139: good summary paragraph: "New bean? What the hell, say the liberals, let's give it a whirl" Roughly equal scores on the game and exam. 
 
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:*exploratory behavior and related differences in valuing everyday ethical situations, like forgetting to return a CD.  differing attitudes toward science and religion.
 

Latest revision as of 19:51, 6 October 2020

11: OCT 6

Assigned

  • Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality" (17)
  • Writing exercise: How WEIRD is Morality?

Brief Survey on Student Engagement in Hybrid course delivery

  • Please take the following anonymous survey.

Final Stage of Sapolsky Writing Assignment

  • Stage 4: Back-evaluation: After you receive your peer comments and my evaluation, take a few minutes to fill out this quick "back evaluation" rating form: [1]. Fill out the form for each reviewer, but not Alfino. Up to 10 points, in Points.
  • Back evaluations are due Thursday, October 8, 11:59pm.

Some samples from Henrich's, "The Weirdest People on Earth"

  • p. 25: "Who Am I?" task. Show charts
  • p. 28: sociocentric vs. individualistic
  • p. 34: guilt vs. shame
  • p. 44: impersonal honesty research (recall Ariely).

Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality"

WEIRD Morality

  • WEIRD morality is the morality of Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic cultures
  • just as likely to be bothered by taboo violations, but more likely to set aside feelings of disgust and allow violations
  • only group with majority allowing chicken story violation.
  • "the weirder you are the more likely you are to see the world in terms of separate objects, rather than relationships" "sociocentric" moralities vs. individualistic moralities; Enlightenment moralities of Kant and Mill are rationalist, individualist, and universalist.
  • survey data on East/West differences in sentence completion: "I am..."
  • framed-line task 97
  • Kantian and Millian ethical thought is rationalist, rule based, and universalist. Just the ethical theory you would expect from the culture.

A 3 channel moral matrix

  • Schweder's anthropology: ethics of autonomy, community, divinity 99-100 - gloss each...
  • claims Schweder's theory predicts responses on taboo violation tests, is descriptively accurate.
  • ethic of divinity: body as temple vs. playground
  • vertical dimension to values. explains reactions to flag desecration, piss Christ, thought exp: desecration of liberal icons. (Note connection to contemporary conflicts, such as the Charlie Hebdot massacre.)

Making Sense of Moral/Cultural Difference

  • Haidt's Bhubaneswar experience: diverse (intense) continua of moral values related to purity. (opposite of disgust). Confusing at first, but notice that he started to like his hosts (elephant) and then started to think about how their values might work. Stop and think about how a mind might create this. Detail about airline passenger.
  • Theorizing with Paul Rozin on the right model for thinking about moral foundations: "Our theory, in brief" (103)
  • American politics often about sense of "sacrilege", not just about defining rights (autonomy). Not just harm, but types of moral disgust.
  • Stepping out of the Matrix: H's metaphor for seeing his own cultural moral values as more "contingent" than before, when it felt like the natural advocacy of what seem true and right. Reports growing self awareness of liberal orientation of intellectual culture in relation to Shweder's view. Social conservatives made more sense to him after studying in India.

Small Group Discussion

  • Discussion questions:
  • Does it make sense to talk about "stepping out of a matrix"? Is this a temporary thing? What value might it have in your experience?
  • Do you have a parallel story to Haidt's? (Mention travel experiences.)
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