Difference between revisions of "Tem"

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==3: SEP 14==
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==5: SEP 15==
  
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===Assigned Reading===
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===Assigned===
  
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:*Sonnenbergs, C 7, "Eat Sh*t and Live" (163-185) 22
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:*Haidt, Chapter 2, "The Intuitive Dog and It's Rational Tail" (25)
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:*[http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/121112p30.shtml Isolated Fiber in industrial food]
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:*Everyday Ethics Discussion and Short Writing Prompt #2
  
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===More on Fiber===
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===Everyday Ethics Discussion and Short Writing Prompt #2===
  
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:*[http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/121112p30.shtml Isolated Fiber in industrial food]
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:*Everyone agrees that honesty is an important virtue, but no one thinks honesty requires you to tell everyone the truth all the time.  How do you decide when to tell the truth or say what you're thinking? What makes it morally acceptable to avoid disclosing something or to decide that someone doesn't have a right to an answer. Your answer should present one or more principles that you are implicitly following for deciding what honesty really requires of you.  Try to articulate these principles in your answer and briefly justify them. (To prepare for this assignment you might want to listen to this "This American Life" podcast: [https://www.thisamericanlife.org/552/need-to-know-basis Need to Know Basis].  But you probably don't need to refer to it and you cannot assume that others have heard it.
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:*And you would think "fiber is fiber," but no.  Isolated fiber. Also, an example of "nutritionism".  Real fiber needs are not a fad.
 
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:*Intact (soluble and insoluble) vs. Isolated (synthetically produced) - Resistant starch, polydextrose, indigestible dextrins. Research question: Are these MACs?  Guessing not.
 
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:*Examples of intact fiber in traditional and modern global cuisine. (Haven School CB)
 
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:*Define nutritionism.
 
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:*Demo nutrition site. Are there sites that track intact vs. isolated fiber?
 
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:*Personal optional exercise: Review your diet for fiber.  Try to distinguish intact vs. isolated.
 
  
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===Food Budget Exercise===
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:*[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScSlw0I1mjv_pqqEBr4Eiw1lKGJ65gs6o-kbP3qG_PWEWk1-w/viewform?usp=sf_link Follow this link when you are ready to write.]  Please turn in your writing by '''Friday, September 18.''' 
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:*We will be using a "single stage" peer review process for this assignment.  I will send out instructions for the peer review stage after the deadline.
  
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:Recall question 21 from our First Day Food Survey: "Q21 - Organic food is too expensive to afford on a $15 / hour wage (about 25%percentile by household in US)."  8 strong agree, 7 agree, 6 somewhat, 1 disagree.
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===Haidt, Chapter 2, "The Intuitive Dog and Its Rational Tail"===
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:First part of the discussion involves "organic" (recall notes from previous class)
 
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:Next we should try to put some numbers to the problem. (On board calculation). 
 
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:*Small group exercise: Compare notes on monthly food costs for a single eater (or divide if shared) omitting alcohol, non-food items, but including take out, coffee, soda, etc., and restaurants)?  If possible, try to estimate Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner, and non-meal eating. 
 
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:*Compare your budgets and then we will consider the question of the cost of an organic or, better, “high food value” food budget. (7-8 minutes)
 
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:*Cost of a "high value foods" diet vs. cost of translating your current diet into a "high value foods" diet.  Probably can't do the latter for $500/month.  But you can, in Spokane anyway, have an optimal food value diet for about $600 a month.
 
  
 +
:*'''Some complaints about philosophers'''
 +
:*Philosophy's "rationalist delusion" ex. from Timaeus.  but also in rationalist psych.  -- Maybe humans were once perfect..........
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:*30: Plato (Timaeus myth of the body - 2nd soul), Hume (reason is slave of passions), and Jefferson (The Head and The Heart)
  
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===Sonnenbergs, C 7, "Eat Sh*t and Live" (Recommended)===
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:*'''The troubled history of applying evolution to social processes'''
 +
:*Wilson's Prophecy:  brief history of moral philosophy after Darwin.  nativism gets a bad name...
 +
:*moralism (Anti-nativism): reactions against bad nativism, like Social Darwinism, 60s ideology suggesting that we can liberate ourselves from our biology and traditional morality (as contraception appeared to).
 +
:*Nativism (natural selection gives us minds "preloaded" with moral emotions) in the 90s: Wilson, de Waal, Damasio Controversy in E. O. Wilson's ''Sociobiology''. 
 +
::*Note, for example, debate over rights: rationalists(moralists) vs. nativists: note the claims and counter-claims.  brings in feminism, resistance to science, naturalism. 
 +
:*de Waal (used to be in the course.  See links.); Damasio -- 33 -- seems to be a very different picture than Plato's;
  
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:*This chapter is more focused on diseases that have been treatable with new knowledge about the M, and the limits of that research currently.
+
:*'''Some examples of evolutionary psychology'''
 +
:*Evolutionary Psychology in moral psychology 
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::*Damasio's research on vmPFC disabled patients.  could watch gruesome images without feeling. trouble planning. (Phineas Gage) reasoning (about some practical matters) requires feeling.
 +
::*No problem making moral decisions under cognitive load.  Suggests automatic processing.  Note this also suggests that we shouldn't think of our "principles" as causal.   
 +
::*Roach-juice
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::*Soul selling
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::*Harmless Taboo violations: Incest story; note how interviewer pushes toward dumbfounding.
  
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:*Gastroenteritis, infectious diarrhea,  -- culprits like Giardia, Salmonella, and norovirus.   
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:*'''How to explain dumbfounding.'''  
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:*Immunological effects of the M: "colonization resistance"  - mechanisms (165) - crowding out, bacteriocidal chemicals.  Problematic nature of antibiotics in the M.
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::*Margolis: seeing that (pattern matching - auto) vs. reasoning why (controlled thought); we have bias toward confirmation, which is seen in the mistake people make on the Wasson Card test.  (From this perspective Kohlberg was focused on "reasoning why". Note from p. 44, some "reasoning why" is crucial to moral discourse (similar to universalizability in Singer reading)
  
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:*C. difficile (Cdiff) -- associated disease CDAD. 14,000 deaths in US a year. why antibiotics don't always help.  spores.  
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:*Rider and Elephant
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:*2013 Dutch FMT therapy for CDAD - 94% cure rate  (note earlier researcher in 50s who tried this.)
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::*Important to see Elephant as making judgements (processing info), not just "feeling" (Hard for traditional philosophers to do.)
 +
::*45: Elephant and Rider defined
 +
:::*Emotions are a kind of information processing, part of the cognitive process.
 +
:::*Moral judgment is a cognitive process. 
 +
:::*Intuition and reasoning are both cognitive. (Note: don't think of intuition in Haidt simply as "gut reaction" in the sense of random subjectivity. Claims you are processsing information through emotional response.   
 +
::*Values of the rider: seeing into future, treating like cases like; post hoc explanation.
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::*Values of the elephant: automatic, valuative, ego-maintaining, opens us to influence from others.
  
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:*Antibiotics -- Interesting that Americans not only eat the Western Diet, but take high levels of antibiotics.  Effects of Cipro on M.  -- decrease in volume (-10-100x) and diversity of bacteria (25-50% of species).  Test subject had diverse responses.  Some recovered M in several weeks.  Some sustained damage.  2nd round of Cipro hurt everyone's M.  Microbes in the gut can trigger immune responses and some even release anti-biotics directly at pathogens.
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:*Social Intuitionist Model: attempt to imagine how our elephants respond to other elephants and riders.
  
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:*IBS and IBD - 177: Finding your personal "transit time". 
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====Small Group Discussion====
  
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:*Difficulties with FMT as a therapy: dangers in introducing new bacteria into someone's gut.  Might be hard to remove. (Like issue of releasing GMOs in environment.)
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:*Go back to roach juice and soul selling.  How would you react to this experiment now that you know it's a pschological trigger we have? What else works like this?
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:*Limited results from FMT in humans for obesity treatment. or inflammatory bowel disease.
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:*Is Feeling epistemic? Do we process information with emotions?
 +
 
 +
 
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:*Bring up Repligate issue. [https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-nature-nurture-nietzsche-blog/201509/quick-guide-the-replication-crisis-in-psychology]

Revision as of 20:19, 15 September 2020

5: SEP 15

Assigned

  • Haidt, Chapter 2, "The Intuitive Dog and It's Rational Tail" (25)
  • Everyday Ethics Discussion and Short Writing Prompt #2

Everyday Ethics Discussion and Short Writing Prompt #2

  • Everyone agrees that honesty is an important virtue, but no one thinks honesty requires you to tell everyone the truth all the time. How do you decide when to tell the truth or say what you're thinking? What makes it morally acceptable to avoid disclosing something or to decide that someone doesn't have a right to an answer. Your answer should present one or more principles that you are implicitly following for deciding what honesty really requires of you. Try to articulate these principles in your answer and briefly justify them. (To prepare for this assignment you might want to listen to this "This American Life" podcast: Need to Know Basis. But you probably don't need to refer to it and you cannot assume that others have heard it.
  • Follow this link when you are ready to write. Please turn in your writing by Friday, September 18.
  • We will be using a "single stage" peer review process for this assignment. I will send out instructions for the peer review stage after the deadline.

Haidt, Chapter 2, "The Intuitive Dog and Its Rational Tail"

  • Some complaints about philosophers
  • Philosophy's "rationalist delusion" ex. from Timaeus. but also in rationalist psych. -- Maybe humans were once perfect..........
  • 30: Plato (Timaeus myth of the body - 2nd soul), Hume (reason is slave of passions), and Jefferson (The Head and The Heart)
  • The troubled history of applying evolution to social processes
  • Wilson's Prophecy: brief history of moral philosophy after Darwin. nativism gets a bad name...
  • moralism (Anti-nativism): reactions against bad nativism, like Social Darwinism, 60s ideology suggesting that we can liberate ourselves from our biology and traditional morality (as contraception appeared to).
  • Nativism (natural selection gives us minds "preloaded" with moral emotions) in the 90s: Wilson, de Waal, Damasio Controversy in E. O. Wilson's Sociobiology.
  • Note, for example, debate over rights: rationalists(moralists) vs. nativists: note the claims and counter-claims. brings in feminism, resistance to science, naturalism.
  • de Waal (used to be in the course. See links.); Damasio -- 33 -- seems to be a very different picture than Plato's;
  • Some examples of evolutionary psychology
  • Evolutionary Psychology in moral psychology
  • Damasio's research on vmPFC disabled patients. could watch gruesome images without feeling. trouble planning. (Phineas Gage) reasoning (about some practical matters) requires feeling.
  • No problem making moral decisions under cognitive load. Suggests automatic processing. Note this also suggests that we shouldn't think of our "principles" as causal.
  • Roach-juice
  • Soul selling
  • Harmless Taboo violations: Incest story; note how interviewer pushes toward dumbfounding.
  • How to explain dumbfounding.
  • Margolis: seeing that (pattern matching - auto) vs. reasoning why (controlled thought); we have bias toward confirmation, which is seen in the mistake people make on the Wasson Card test. (From this perspective Kohlberg was focused on "reasoning why". Note from p. 44, some "reasoning why" is crucial to moral discourse (similar to universalizability in Singer reading)
  • Rider and Elephant
  • Important to see Elephant as making judgements (processing info), not just "feeling" (Hard for traditional philosophers to do.)
  • 45: Elephant and Rider defined
  • Emotions are a kind of information processing, part of the cognitive process.
  • Moral judgment is a cognitive process.
  • Intuition and reasoning are both cognitive. (Note: don't think of intuition in Haidt simply as "gut reaction" in the sense of random subjectivity. Claims you are processsing information through emotional response.
  • Values of the rider: seeing into future, treating like cases like; post hoc explanation.
  • Values of the elephant: automatic, valuative, ego-maintaining, opens us to influence from others.
  • Social Intuitionist Model: attempt to imagine how our elephants respond to other elephants and riders.

Small Group Discussion

  • Go back to roach juice and soul selling. How would you react to this experiment now that you know it's a pschological trigger we have? What else works like this?
  • Is Feeling epistemic? Do we process information with emotions?


  • Bring up Repligate issue. [1]
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