Difference between revisions of "Tem"

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==NOV 30==
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==DEC 5==
  
:*3 scenarios:  Mega Car Wash, [http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2017/nov/01/smelter-plans-raise-concerns/#/0 Newport Smelter], Amazon HQ2
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:*Using Happiness Research in Community Development
  
===Galbraith, Dependency Effect===
+
::*Core Rationale for Using Happiness Research in Community 
 +
:::*1. We have a shared interest in economic activity that satisfies our community's needs.
 +
:::*2. Our primary cultural theory for how to do that is to increase GDP and rely on "non-intentional cooperation" to meet needs through self-interested economic activity.
 +
:::*3. Some critics of this approach agree that market economies are the fundamentally efficient, but argue that they can be assessed with better measures than GDP.
 +
:::*4. Happiness research allows communities to assess flows and stocks of goods, both economic and non-economic. 
 +
:::*5. The same justifications for using political and economic policy to maintain GDP growth apply to more complete measures of subjective well-being in communities.
 +
:::*C. Therefore, community development should be guided by both economic growth and broader measures of well-being.
  
:*Problem of intertemporal comparisonWho's to say that status pleasures aren't as important to us now as basic satisfactions were to our poor predecessors? It is repugnant to think that desires never lose their urgence, but maybe that's the case.
+
::*Models for Using Happiness Research in Community Development
 +
:::*'''Macro-Economic Policy''' -- Incentives, taxes, and transfers can be used to address public well-being problems (ex. Opiod crisis, super fund sites, urban and rural development).  Unemployment policy is a major focus of Happiness and Public Policy research (Frey and Stutzer).
 +
:::*'''Zoning and Business Development''' -- This often takes the form of requirements and conditions placed on development based neighborhood community development plans.  While this is a mainstream activity of government, it is often a lightning rod for political disagreement. Zoning requirements are often experience by entrepreneurs as an unwelcome tax or limitation on productivity.
 +
:::*'''Government agencies focused on community well-being''' -- Parks and Recreation. In Spokane, for example, Corbin Arts. Parks programming. 
 +
:::*'''Socially Responsible Entrepreneurship''' -- Many entrepreneurs (especially those who are community based) approach investing with the goal of meeting self-interested and other-interested goals.  They are hence more open to "voluntary intentional cooperation" with community planners.  Example: [http://www.lincfoods.com/linc-farmers/ Link Food in Spokane]
 +
:::*'''Philanthropic Advocacy for the Civil Economy''' -- Civic leaders and organizations from mainstream groups like Rotary, Chamber of Commerce often achieve improvements in a community's stock of social capital. Often business leaders in local communities come to understand that their opportunities might be contingent upon solving local problems.  Examples like Riverfront Park, Riverfront Square (maybe), [http://www.sustainableseattle.org/ Sustainable Seattle], Tilth (in Seattle) suggest that civic groups can be effective in making intentional community development a product of community consensus (sort of).
 +
:::*'''Employment in the Civil Economy''' -- Organizations such as SNAP, Catholic Charities, Lutheran Services, Meals on Wheels, etc. can be thought of as part of a civil economy since they generate economic activity around solving social problems.  But so also, developers who maintain Section 8 housing projects as a matter of organizational mission.  Community development (whether government, foundation, or community based) can be thought of as a distinct sector of economic activity focused by mission on improving community well-being. 
 +
:::*'''Voluntary Philanthropic Projects and Services''' -- Voluntary work might be included here as well if you regard the research as compelling in suggesting there are non-monetary benefits from volunteering. Examples beyond individual community volunteering include: Tilth
  
:*Flaw in the view of someone who accepts this case:  If our desires and wants are "contrived by the process of production", they are not original with us and therefore can't be "urgent" for us.  The whole case for accommodating business production (through infrastructure, tax breaks, etc.) falls apart if the production system is creating the needs. 
+
===Frey and Strutzer, "Policy Consequences of Happiness Research"===
  
:*Develops his view in Section 2: Not against consumer wants, but little doubt that many are contrived.  Cites Keynes on insatiability of status needs.  "the desire to get superior goods takes on a life of its own" "The urge to consume is fathered by the value system which emphaasizes the abilityt of the society to produce." (GDP)
+
:*Main highlights:
 
+
::*Effects of unemployment: Research suggesting that unemployment has a negative effect on SWB of both unemployed and employedPsychic costs of unemploymentSocial effects: inequality, crime, disruption of family lifeWhy would unemployment affect the employed? empathy, fear of economic insecurityMain point: unemployment looks different when assessed wholistically.  Not just about the "reservation wage".
:*Section 3: advertising and salesmanship (no social media yet).  It's a problem if the producer makes the goods and the desire for the goodsNote that is calling into question the idea that the consumer is really autonomous"independently determined wants" 
+
::*Policy implications unclear:  The pain of unemployment is a motivator (Psychic costs may be functional.)  Artificial job creation might have negative effects on investment.  
 
+
::*Externalities of Status markets: "People do not value the absolute level of their income but compare their economic standing to others."  Positional externalities: Example [https://wiki.gonzaga.edu/alfino/images/4/43/Cartoon_ResearchersSay.jpg 1], [https://wiki.gonzaga.edu/alfino/images/4/4f/CartoonPaycut.jpg 2]There is a rationale in mainstream economics for addressing externalitiesIn this case by taxation and transferBut again, there are problemsIn addition to effect of taxation on growth, people might choose other ways to show status.
:*Read Section 4. 
 
 
 
===Bruni & Zamagni, Chapter 1: What is Civil Economy?===
 
 
 
:*With globalization, we've stopped talking critically about capitalism and simply treat it like a fact of natureThere are still lots of critics, but they don't agree and leave is trapped, as if still in the womb.  
 
 
 
:*"Civil Economy" refers to the idea that we ought to assess the performance of the economy in relation to its effect on the "civitas" the citizens and community(Historically connected to a "golden age" of thought in economics in the 18thc, 2nd half, but also, to earlier Roman concepts such as "felicitas publica". 
 
 
 
:*But civil economy isn't an alternative to capitalism. More of a "laboratory of thought" to help us tell a different story about relationship of capitalism to the common good'''Not''' about the freedom of the individual ''from'' the society, but not anti-capitalism.    
 
 
 
:*Civil economy may involve different way of thinking about cooperation in capitalism.  Current model: strong intentional cooperation within the firm, weak non-intentional cooperation outside the firm. But you can have different models.  Italian familial capitalism (Olivetti, Ferrero (Nutella) planned industrial capitalism.  (Lots of other examples not referenced here: managerial capitalism in Netherlands and many Scandinavian countries, which are also highly competitive economies.)
 
 
 
:*The American Model:  Anonymous markets, communities compete for businesses (Newport smelter). Financialization of the economy, finance capitalism:  fr. Wiki: "Finance capitalism or financial capitalism is the subordination of processes of production to the accumulation of money profits in a financial system. Financial capitalism is thus a form of capitalism where the intermediation of saving to investment becomes a dominant function in the economy, with wider implications for the political process and social evolution: since the late 20th century it has become the predominant force in the global economy, whether in neoliberal or other form.
 
 
 
:*"With the financialization of the economy has come the idea that speculative finance creates much more wealth, and far more quickly, than productive labour."14 "Exaltying the merits of themarket, narrow conformist hinking reached the conclusion that the world is what markets make it to be, and not citizen, not even governments, should have the power to correct it s course." 18.  
 
 
 
:*Need to bring demomcracy and capitalism into coherent, cooperative relationship. Arguably, global capitalism has weakened the power of nation states and communities.   Competition of communities for business.
 
 
 
===Bruni & Zamagni, Chapter 6: Why GDP is not enough?===
 
 
 
:*Thesis:  We need additional measures of well-being to add to or replace our reliance on GDP. Analogy of multi-stage cycling races: There are many things to compete for in addition winning the overall race. GDP is just the sprinter's jerseyPromoting SWB is the overall goal.
 
 
 
:*Historical discussion: Smith's Wealth of Nations not just about individual production and riches, but well-being.  Examples of texts from Neopolitan School Genovesi: "Work for your own interest, of course, but don't make others miserable by your gain, work also for public happiness. ....p. 88.  Adds "public happiness" to "liberty, fraternity, and equality"
 
 
 
:*Critique of GDP: lumps good and bad economic activity together, some stats keepers even consider illegal economic activityjob creation predicts economic activity, but doesn't tell you about the quality of the jobs.  "There are awful jobs." (smelt, smelt)GDP relatively new concept (1930s, against background of mercantilist approach which includes wealth of land, resources, labour, capital and stocks.  (A stock is any supply of goods of any kind.  Stock Market.)
 
 
 
:*More critique of GDP: Arguably, "stocks" matter more than "flows" (GDP).  Concern about environment is concern about stocks, migration is about human resources, a "stock", security is a stock. (In food studies, egronomists argue about soil and aquifer quality as a neglected stock.)
 

Revision as of 20:10, 5 December 2017

DEC 5

  • Using Happiness Research in Community Development
  • Core Rationale for Using Happiness Research in Community
  • 1. We have a shared interest in economic activity that satisfies our community's needs.
  • 2. Our primary cultural theory for how to do that is to increase GDP and rely on "non-intentional cooperation" to meet needs through self-interested economic activity.
  • 3. Some critics of this approach agree that market economies are the fundamentally efficient, but argue that they can be assessed with better measures than GDP.
  • 4. Happiness research allows communities to assess flows and stocks of goods, both economic and non-economic.
  • 5. The same justifications for using political and economic policy to maintain GDP growth apply to more complete measures of subjective well-being in communities.
  • C. Therefore, community development should be guided by both economic growth and broader measures of well-being.
  • Models for Using Happiness Research in Community Development
  • Macro-Economic Policy -- Incentives, taxes, and transfers can be used to address public well-being problems (ex. Opiod crisis, super fund sites, urban and rural development). Unemployment policy is a major focus of Happiness and Public Policy research (Frey and Stutzer).
  • Zoning and Business Development -- This often takes the form of requirements and conditions placed on development based neighborhood community development plans. While this is a mainstream activity of government, it is often a lightning rod for political disagreement. Zoning requirements are often experience by entrepreneurs as an unwelcome tax or limitation on productivity.
  • Government agencies focused on community well-being -- Parks and Recreation. In Spokane, for example, Corbin Arts. Parks programming.
  • Socially Responsible Entrepreneurship -- Many entrepreneurs (especially those who are community based) approach investing with the goal of meeting self-interested and other-interested goals. They are hence more open to "voluntary intentional cooperation" with community planners. Example: Link Food in Spokane
  • Philanthropic Advocacy for the Civil Economy -- Civic leaders and organizations from mainstream groups like Rotary, Chamber of Commerce often achieve improvements in a community's stock of social capital. Often business leaders in local communities come to understand that their opportunities might be contingent upon solving local problems. Examples like Riverfront Park, Riverfront Square (maybe), Sustainable Seattle, Tilth (in Seattle) suggest that civic groups can be effective in making intentional community development a product of community consensus (sort of).
  • Employment in the Civil Economy -- Organizations such as SNAP, Catholic Charities, Lutheran Services, Meals on Wheels, etc. can be thought of as part of a civil economy since they generate economic activity around solving social problems. But so also, developers who maintain Section 8 housing projects as a matter of organizational mission. Community development (whether government, foundation, or community based) can be thought of as a distinct sector of economic activity focused by mission on improving community well-being.
  • Voluntary Philanthropic Projects and Services -- Voluntary work might be included here as well if you regard the research as compelling in suggesting there are non-monetary benefits from volunteering. Examples beyond individual community volunteering include: Tilth

Frey and Strutzer, "Policy Consequences of Happiness Research"

  • Main highlights:
  • Effects of unemployment: Research suggesting that unemployment has a negative effect on SWB of both unemployed and employed. Psychic costs of unemployment. Social effects: inequality, crime, disruption of family life. Why would unemployment affect the employed? empathy, fear of economic insecurity. Main point: unemployment looks different when assessed wholistically. Not just about the "reservation wage".
  • Policy implications unclear: The pain of unemployment is a motivator (Psychic costs may be functional.) Artificial job creation might have negative effects on investment.
  • Externalities of Status markets: "People do not value the absolute level of their income but compare their economic standing to others." Positional externalities: Example 1, 2. There is a rationale in mainstream economics for addressing externalities. In this case by taxation and transfer. But again, there are problems. In addition to effect of taxation on growth, people might choose other ways to show status.