Difference between revisions of "Tem"

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==10: OCT 1==
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==11: OCT 6==
  
 
===Assigned===
 
===Assigned===
  
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:*Hibbing, Ch 6, Different Slates (26)
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:*Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality" (17)
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:*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzPbUUPutnk Libertarianism in Six Minutes]
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:*Writing exercise: How WEIRD is Morality?  
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:*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarianism Libertarianism wiki]  See for historical detail.
 
  
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===In-class content===
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===Brief Survey on Student Engagement in Hybrid course delivery===
  
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:*Libertarianism as a moral and political theory
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:*Please take the following anonymous [https://gonzaga.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_3I98g1ecsTe59ZP survey].
  
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===Some questions I'm considering for a student "engagement" survey===
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===Final Stage of Sapolsky Writing Assignment===
  
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:*Do you feel there is less participation in "hybrid" courses such as ours vs. similar traditional face-to-face courses?
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:*'''Stage 4''': Back-evaluation: After you receive your peer comments and my evaluation, take a few minutes to fill out this quick "back evaluation" rating form: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdgKCYITDTSOOHcvC3TAVNK-EZDsP4jiiyPj-7jdpRoNUsLPA/viewform?usp=sf_link]. '''Fill out the form for each reviewer, but not Alfino.'''  Up to 10 points, in Points.
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:*Do you like the option of turning your video off?
 
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:*If you like the option to turn off your video, why do you like it?   
 
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:*Do you turn video on in break out rooms?
 
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:*How useful do you find Zoom breakout rooms compared to small group discussion?  (less, about the same, more)
 
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:*Would it helpful to turn video on during times when questions or discussion are solicited from the whole class?
 
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:*Would you like me to make more use of Zoom options to express agreement and other reactions, such as yes-no-maybe and emoticons etc.?
 
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:*Are there other things I could do or we could do to improve the course experience in any way?
 
  
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===Hibbing, Ch 6, Different Slates===
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::*Back evaluations are due '''Thursday, October 8, 11:59pm'''.
  
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:*Introductory stuff
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===Some samples from Henrich's, "The Weirdest People on Earth"===
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::*Story of Phineas Gage -- 1848 -- early example of biology and personality change.
 
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::*Oliver Sachs work.
 
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::*149: lobotomies.  Some Parkinson's drugs can trigger behavioral changes like addictions and gambling. 
 
  
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:*I Feel it in my Gut -- psyhophysiology -- emotions as "action dispositions" 151: phsyiology of anger, stress (digress on cortisol), polygraph.   
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:*p. 25: "Who Am I?" task.  Show charts
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::*151: how emotional states are instantiated in neural and physiological activity.
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:*p. 28: sociocentric vs. individualistic
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::*CNS - central nervous system (head and spine) ANS - Anotonomic Nervous system. Within ANS - SNS (sympathetic) and PNS (parasympathetic) -- 
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:*p. 34: guilt vs. shame
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::*153: from Hibbing's lab: patterns of activation are pretty stable.  Some people are agitated by dark rooms and loud noises.  Same years later.
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:*p. 44: impersonal honesty research (recall Ariely).   
  
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:*Politics on and in the Brain
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===Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality"===
  
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::*Kanai and Rees MRI study -- looking at ACC (anterior singulate cortext) and amygdala. ACC activated by tasks involving error detection and conflict resolution -- results on 156: found correlation between liberalism and size of ACC. Bigger. However, amygdala (which is involved in face recog and emotion regulation) Conservatives have bigger amygdalas (156: more active in face recognition and threat detection (also C5) .   
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====WEIRD Morality====
 +
:*WEIRD morality is the morality of Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic cultures
 +
::*just as likely to be bothered by taboo violations, but more likely to set aside feelings of disgust and allow violations
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::*only group with majority allowing chicken story violation.
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::*"the weirder you are the more likely you are to see the world in terms of separate objects, rather than relationships" "sociocentric" moralities vs. individualistic moralities; Enlightenment moralities of Kant and Mill are rationalist, individualist, and universalist. 
 +
::*survey data on East/West differences in sentence completion: "I am..."
 +
::*framed-line task 97
 +
:*Kantian and Millian ethical thought is rationalist, rule based, and universalist.  Just the ethical theory you would expect from the culture.   
  
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::*Note connection to BeanFest.
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====A 3 channel moral matrix====
 +
:*Schweder's anthropology: ethics of autonomy, community, divinity 99-100 - gloss each...
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::*claims Schweder's theory predicts responses on taboo violation tests, is descriptively accurate.
 +
::*ethic of divinity: body as temple vs. playground
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::*vertical dimension to values.  explains reactions to flag desecration, piss Christ, thought exp: desecration of liberal icons.  (Note connection to contemporary conflicts, such as the Charlie Hebdot massacre.)
  
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::*157: caution in reading these results.  Still, you could predict pol orientation from brain differences.)
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====Making Sense of Moral/Cultural Difference====
 +
:*'''Haidt's Bhubaneswar experience''': diverse (intense) continua of moral values related to purity. (opposite of disgust). Confusing at first, but notice that he started to like his hosts (elephant) and then started to think about how their values might work.  Stop and think about how a mind might create this.  Detail about airline passenger.
 +
:*Theorizing with Paul Rozin on the right model for thinking about moral foundations: "Our theory, in brief" (103)
 +
:*American politics often about sense of "sacrilege", not just about defining rights (autonomy).  Not just harm, but types of moral disgust.
 +
:*'''Stepping out of the Matrix''': H's metaphor for seeing his own cultural moral values as more "contingent" than before, when it felt like the natural advocacy of what seem true and right.  Reports growing self awareness of liberal orientation of intellectual culture in relation to Shweder's view.  Social conservatives made more sense to him after studying in India.  
  
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::*Amodio 2007: looked to see if ACC activity is correlated to political ideology in "go/no go" task, specific brain wave identified that varied by pol. orientiation.
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===Small Group Discussion===
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:*Discussion questions:
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:*Politics Makes Me Sweat
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::*Does it make sense to talk about "stepping out of a matrix"? Is this a temporary thing? What value might it have in your experience?
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::*Do you have a parallel story to Haidt's? (Mention travel experiences.)
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::*EDA studies -- electrodermal activity -- skin conductivity, especially as it varies with sweat.  Simple way of measuring SNS activity.  Study from Hibbing in 2008: EDA activity correlated to policy positions.  "People more physiologically responsive to threat stimuli were more likely to support policies aimed as reducing or addressing threats to the social status quo" 161. SNS also active when we are thinking hard about something.  Largely unconscious (study). 
 
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::*Also "disgust" reactions: greater for conservatives, but only around sex-issues, not taxes. Note sig: not a general skin response to policies you favor, only a cluster. (We will be covering this in Haidt soon.)
 
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::*EDA disgust studies line up with fartspray studies.  Morality and smell are connected. 
 
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::*Hibbing EDA study 163: disaggregate data and its the sex-issues driving the SNS response. 
 
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::*EDA studies have shown increase activity around inter-racial interactions.  Note: resisting preferential race policy needn't be racist.   
 
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::Practical issue: studies showing unconscious response to group affiliation.
 
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:In Your Face Politics
 
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::*Studies assessing our ability to determine political orientation from faces (not including hair or dress!).  Proxies for this judgement could include "emotional expressivity" (168), which Liberals score higher on. 
 
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::Study involving the facial muscle ''corrugator supercilii" (the eybrow furrowing muscle).  Conservative males were distinctive for lack of emotional expressivity.
 
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===Libertarianism as a moral and political theory===
 
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:*Notes drawn from Sandel, Libertarianism:
 
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::*(US conservative) Libertarianism: fundamental concern with human freedom understood as avoidance of coercion; minimal state; no morals legislation; no redistribution of income or wealth. Strong concern with equality of liberty and avoidance of oppression, understood as forced labor. 
 
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::*Basic intuition: taxation is a form of forced labor. Only legitimate for a narrow range of goals that we mutually benefit from, such as defense.
 
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::*Facts about concentration of wealth: 1% have 1/3 of wealth, more than bottom 90%.  :*objections to redistribution: utilitarian and rights-based. Could there be forms of forced labor that come from inequality?  
 
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:*Libertarianism in Six Minutes (notes)
 
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::*Historical look:  17th century resistance to oppressive conditions.  “Rent seekers”.  Payne.  Similar to socialism and capitalism, a view about what is fair. 
 
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::*US libertarianism closer to free market capitalism vs. European, which is more socialist.  ''Assumption of natural harmony among productive people'' with liberty of contract.  Laws limited to protection and protection of natural rights. (Non-aggressive principle).  No regulation of market.  Social spending.  Taxes are presumed to be coercive and confiscatory.  "Night watchman" state. (Not so close to anarchy, except consistent with strong sense of public order.)
 
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::*Problems: 
 
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:::*No libertarian candidates on the national stage in two party state.
 
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:::*No successful libertarian states.  No one's tried. 
 
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:::*Monopolies, poverty.  Bleeding out in the street. 
 
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:::*Non-aggression principle unlikely in free market.  Market can be quite aggressive.  Putting people out of their homes.  Eviction. 
 
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:::*Favoring economic freedom assumes it correlates with happiness. (Mention Easterlin and Happiness studies)
 
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:::*Environmental regulation seems necessary. 
 
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:::*Ethics not realized in the market perfectly.  Lack of information transparency. 
 
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:*Some further reflections.
 
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::*Note that libertarianism can admit variations.  Depending upon how concrete your conception of liberty and freedom is, you might decide that promoting liberty requires helping people acquire skills and competencies for life and taking care of the disabled. This isn't pure "US" libertarianism anymore (it mixes thinking from the capabilities approach), but someone could claim to love liberty concretely, but making sure people have the conditions for "actual" freedom.  Maybe now you can see why ''liberal libertarians'' can be socialists.  You can see government as an ally in promoting personal freedom, beyond protecting you from rights violations.
 
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::*Libertarians can argue that social needs should be met through voluntary donations of time and money.  What if that doesn't happen?  Bleeding out in front of the hospital.  Can you still defend the theory?
 

Latest revision as of 19:51, 6 October 2020

11: OCT 6

Assigned

  • Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality" (17)
  • Writing exercise: How WEIRD is Morality?

Brief Survey on Student Engagement in Hybrid course delivery

  • Please take the following anonymous survey.

Final Stage of Sapolsky Writing Assignment

  • Stage 4: Back-evaluation: After you receive your peer comments and my evaluation, take a few minutes to fill out this quick "back evaluation" rating form: [1]. Fill out the form for each reviewer, but not Alfino. Up to 10 points, in Points.
  • Back evaluations are due Thursday, October 8, 11:59pm.

Some samples from Henrich's, "The Weirdest People on Earth"

  • p. 25: "Who Am I?" task. Show charts
  • p. 28: sociocentric vs. individualistic
  • p. 34: guilt vs. shame
  • p. 44: impersonal honesty research (recall Ariely).

Haidt, Chapter 5, "Beyond WEIRD Morality"

WEIRD Morality

  • WEIRD morality is the morality of Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic cultures
  • just as likely to be bothered by taboo violations, but more likely to set aside feelings of disgust and allow violations
  • only group with majority allowing chicken story violation.
  • "the weirder you are the more likely you are to see the world in terms of separate objects, rather than relationships" "sociocentric" moralities vs. individualistic moralities; Enlightenment moralities of Kant and Mill are rationalist, individualist, and universalist.
  • survey data on East/West differences in sentence completion: "I am..."
  • framed-line task 97
  • Kantian and Millian ethical thought is rationalist, rule based, and universalist. Just the ethical theory you would expect from the culture.

A 3 channel moral matrix

  • Schweder's anthropology: ethics of autonomy, community, divinity 99-100 - gloss each...
  • claims Schweder's theory predicts responses on taboo violation tests, is descriptively accurate.
  • ethic of divinity: body as temple vs. playground
  • vertical dimension to values. explains reactions to flag desecration, piss Christ, thought exp: desecration of liberal icons. (Note connection to contemporary conflicts, such as the Charlie Hebdot massacre.)

Making Sense of Moral/Cultural Difference

  • Haidt's Bhubaneswar experience: diverse (intense) continua of moral values related to purity. (opposite of disgust). Confusing at first, but notice that he started to like his hosts (elephant) and then started to think about how their values might work. Stop and think about how a mind might create this. Detail about airline passenger.
  • Theorizing with Paul Rozin on the right model for thinking about moral foundations: "Our theory, in brief" (103)
  • American politics often about sense of "sacrilege", not just about defining rights (autonomy). Not just harm, but types of moral disgust.
  • Stepping out of the Matrix: H's metaphor for seeing his own cultural moral values as more "contingent" than before, when it felt like the natural advocacy of what seem true and right. Reports growing self awareness of liberal orientation of intellectual culture in relation to Shweder's view. Social conservatives made more sense to him after studying in India.

Small Group Discussion

  • Discussion questions:
  • Does it make sense to talk about "stepping out of a matrix"? Is this a temporary thing? What value might it have in your experience?
  • Do you have a parallel story to Haidt's? (Mention travel experiences.)
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