Difference between revisions of "FEB 7"

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(Created page with "==7. FEB 7== ===Assigned Work=== :*Nix, Stacy. Chapter 4: "Proteins" Williams' Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy (pp. 47-63). :*Fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1F...")
 
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==7. FEB 7==
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==6: FEB 7==
  
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===Assigned Work===
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===Assigned===
  
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:*Nix, Stacy. Chapter 4: "Proteins" Williams' Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy (pp. 47-63).
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:*Robert Sapolsky, from ''Behave'', Chapter 13, "Morality and doing the Right Thing, Once You've Figured Out What that Is." pp. 478-483.
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:*Fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfIR4TuYZECqTbeC5M3ys5B2I1qN4kw3cIKbOB8EQj9OObCOA/viewform?usp=sf_link Proteins Worksheet] (Points)
 
  
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===Nix, "Proteins"===
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===In-class===
  
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:*'''Nature of'''
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:*Supplemental document for SW1.  Alfino, "Defining Morality and Values" (shared folder) for next time. Part of SW1.
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:*Theory of Mind
 +
:*Rubric training
  
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::*20 amino acids, 9 essential; proteins are polypeptides -- chains of amino acids 100s of links long.  Proteins exist in specific forms in foods (ex. casein is milk protein) and are broken down by us into amino acids and resembled as protein in metabolism.
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===Sapolsky, Robert. Behave. C 13, "Morality and Doing the Right Thing" (479-483)===
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::*Classes of amino acids: indispensable (9), dispensable (5), and conditionally indispensable (6).
 
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::*Conditionally dispensable: Example: If low on Mthionine(essential), then you need cysteine (cond. indis.) from diet.
 
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::*About 16% nitrogen; protein is a primary source of nitrogen in diet.  
 
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::*Catabolism and Anabolism: Metabolic process of breaking down tissue and building it up.
 
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::*Nitrogen Balance is shown when excretion of urinary nitrogen occurs as by product of protein metabolism (ratio of 1 g of urinary nitrogen to 6.25 g of protein).  Negative nitrogen balance can be a symptom of protein deficiency.  Kwashiorkor. 
 
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::*Tissue proteins, plasma proteins, and dietary protein.  You dietary protein is contributing to a much larger and complex protein manufacture and delivery service. 
 
  
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:*'''Functions of Protein Metabolism'''
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:*What is the capacity: Theory of Mind?
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::*Theory of mind and baby prosociality.  Helper and hinderer puppet shows:  [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anCaGBsBOxM Yale Theory of Mind & Baby prosociality]  [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7JbLSIirXI Basic Puppet set up for prosociality studies on babies]. 
  
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::*Tissue growth/repair: largest component of tissue by dry weight.  75% of dry body weight. 
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:*Is moral decision making mostly reasoning or intuition?
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::*Water and pH balance; plasma proteins can exert osmotic pressure to help circulation of tissue fluids (I think this is the "interstitium", but I'm not completely sure).[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitium] [https://www.ichelp.org/living-with-ic/interstitial-cystitis-and-diet/what-to-eat/]
 
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::*Proteins can take up acids to contribute to blood Ph management.
 
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::*Metabolism, transport, immune system, energy system.  Wide range of functions here.  We have already met "lipproteins" that help carry fats around.  Here you learn that enzymes, transport agents, and hormones also have protein structures.
 
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::*Proteins also help make white blood cells, so support your immune system. 
 
  
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:*'''Food Sources'''
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::*The case for primacy of cognition:
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::*Complete proteins mostly from animal sources, including dairy, cheese.
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:::*Lots of examples of reason based rules in law and social institutions.  Law books.  This kind of reasoning activates the dlPFC and TPJ (temporoparietal junction) - also for theory of mind tasks.  Suppress TPJ and less concern about intentions! Yikes.
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::*Soy is the only complete plant protein.
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:::*Theory of Mind tasks are those involving perceiving and inferring intentions.  Central to social life!
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::*Completing proteins, or, more current “protein scores”: p. 52.  also compare links ceci beans [[http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/legumes-and-legume-products/4326/2]], lentils [https://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/legumes-and-legume-products/4338/2], peanut butter [https://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/legumes-and-legume-products/4452/2] and sesame seeds [[http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/nut-and-seed-products/3142/2]].  Sirloin steak [https://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/beef-products/7491/2]. Note how you can use the site to find complementary foods for foods with relatively low amino acid scores.
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:::*Moral reasoning is skewed toward the cognitive in some predictable ways:
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::*advice on vegetarian diets -  Mix grains and legumes, eat soy based foods like tofu if possible.  Note reference to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics document (in your links collection) — No long need to balance plant protein within each meal.  (old advice).  With variety of plant protein sources, you can do fine.  Note health benefits of vegetarian diet on p. 54. 
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:::*Doing harm worse than allowing it. (commission vs. omission.)  
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:::*Better at detecting rule violations that have malevolent causes as their outcomes.  (Bias toward danger.). (Boss/environment/profits study)
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:::*Note comment about Singer (Trolley, trolley…)
  
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:*'''Digestion of Proteins'''
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::*The case for primacy of intuition:
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::*Occurs in stomach and small intestines - unlike Carbs and Fats, which are not digested in stomach.
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:::*We often don’t know why we make some judgements. 
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::*Proteing enzymes have to be stored in inactive form (proenzymes or “precursors”) or they would break down body tisssue!  
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:::*Problem with the moral reasoning (cognitive) view: lots of evidence for intuition and emotion.  We often make moral judgements automatically. vmPFC before dlPFC.
 +
:::*Different types of transgressions activate, preferentially, vmPFC (and other areas) vs dlPFC. Pity, indignation, intense conflict all have “localizations”. Sexual transgressions activate the insula. Some predictive ability in this research. People with damage to vmPFC will sacrifice 1 family member to save 5 strangers (Trolley…)
 +
:::*Reviews Haidt's Social Intuitionism: "moral thinking is for social doing". The reasoning is mostly to show others what we're doing (and to "advertise" it). "virtue signaling"
  
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:*'''Recommendations'''
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===Rubric Training===
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::*10-35% of calories from diet
 
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::*.8g / Kg of body weight.
 
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::*Overconsumption of protein by Americans, p. 59  Men at 181% of DRI, Women at 152%.
 
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::*[Blood test for protein sufficiency: Prealbumin test [https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-a-prealbumin-test]
 
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::*Reasons not to consume excess amounts of proteins:
 
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:::*Often associated with high fat dietary sources
 
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:::*Crowds out other food sources
 
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:::*Kidneys work harder to get rid of nitrogen. 
 
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::*Debates about protein quality and quantity for athletes.  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3905294/]
 
  
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===Personal Protein Tally===
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:*[[Assignment Rubric]] - Normalizing scores. What's a 5 out of 7?  How likely are we to see 3, 2, or 1?
  
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:*We've used a "profile" metaphor to talk about carbs and fats (profiles of complexity in carbs and fat saturation for fats), but with proteins, it makes sense to "tally" or add up your intake, while watching for protein quality.
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:*Today we will do some rubric training (sometimes called "grade norming").
  
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:*[https://www.healthline.com/health/too-much-protein Risks of too much protein]
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:*I have made a directory with writing and scores from a previous set of students writing on a different SW1 prompt. You may find it valuable to open the spreadsheet document and read some of the 14s.  If we have time in class, we may look at a few.  
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::*Here's the prompt they were responding to:
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:*Calculate your protein goal in grams.  150 lbs. = 68kg x .8 = 54grams RDI /day
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::*'''IntuitionReason'''Jonathan Haidt claims that the first principle of moral psychology is, "Intuitions Come First, Reasoning Second". Drawing only on the first three chapters of Haidt, but also Sapolsky 479-483, explain the meaning of this principle and how it is supported with research (about 400 words). How should we think about the relationship between intuition and reason in doing ethics? (about 200 words).
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:*Go through your diet and look at the amounts of good protein in your day.  '''How hard is it to meet your goal?'''
 
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{| class="wikitable"
 
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|-
 
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! Food
 
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! Protein Value
 
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|-
 
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| '''Breakfast'''
 
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|
 
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|-
 
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| Egg/toast/butter
 
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| 11
 
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|-
 
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| '''Midmorning'''
 
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|
 
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|-
 
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| Muffin
 
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| 6
 
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|-
 
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| '''Lunch'''
 
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|
 
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|-
 
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| Ceci/fruit/yogurt
 
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| 14
 
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|-
 
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| Appetizers - cheese/crackers
 
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| 11
 
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|-
 
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| '''Dinner Options'''
 
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|
 
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|-
 
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| Lentils & Rice
 
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| 12
 
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|-
 
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| Lentil Soup
 
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| 15
 
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|-
 
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| Black Beans & Rice
 
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| 23
 
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|-
 
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| Tuscan Bean Soup
 
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| 10
 
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|-
 
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| Pasta (125g)
 
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| 18
 
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|-
 
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| Tuna
 
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| 19
 
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|-
 
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| Salmon (8oz)
 
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| 45
 
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|-
 
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| Tofu (1/2 cup)
 
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| 10
 
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|}
 

Revision as of 19:55, 7 February 2023

6: FEB 7

Assigned

  • Robert Sapolsky, from Behave, Chapter 13, "Morality and doing the Right Thing, Once You've Figured Out What that Is." pp. 478-483.

In-class

  • Supplemental document for SW1. Alfino, "Defining Morality and Values" (shared folder) for next time. Part of SW1.
  • Theory of Mind
  • Rubric training

Sapolsky, Robert. Behave. C 13, "Morality and Doing the Right Thing" (479-483)

  • What is the capacity: Theory of Mind?
  • Is moral decision making mostly reasoning or intuition?
  • The case for primacy of cognition:
  • Lots of examples of reason based rules in law and social institutions. Law books. This kind of reasoning activates the dlPFC and TPJ (temporoparietal junction) - also for theory of mind tasks. Suppress TPJ and less concern about intentions! Yikes.
  • Theory of Mind tasks are those involving perceiving and inferring intentions. Central to social life!
  • Moral reasoning is skewed toward the cognitive in some predictable ways:
  • Doing harm worse than allowing it. (commission vs. omission.)
  • Better at detecting rule violations that have malevolent causes as their outcomes. (Bias toward danger.). (Boss/environment/profits study)
  • Note comment about Singer (Trolley, trolley…)
  • The case for primacy of intuition:
  • We often don’t know why we make some judgements.
  • Problem with the moral reasoning (cognitive) view: lots of evidence for intuition and emotion. We often make moral judgements automatically. vmPFC before dlPFC.
  • Different types of transgressions activate, preferentially, vmPFC (and other areas) vs dlPFC. Pity, indignation, intense conflict all have “localizations”. Sexual transgressions activate the insula. Some predictive ability in this research. People with damage to vmPFC will sacrifice 1 family member to save 5 strangers (Trolley…)
  • Reviews Haidt's Social Intuitionism: "moral thinking is for social doing". The reasoning is mostly to show others what we're doing (and to "advertise" it). "virtue signaling"

Rubric Training

  • Assignment Rubric - Normalizing scores. What's a 5 out of 7? How likely are we to see 3, 2, or 1?
  • Today we will do some rubric training (sometimes called "grade norming").
  • I have made a directory with writing and scores from a previous set of students writing on a different SW1 prompt. You may find it valuable to open the spreadsheet document and read some of the 14s. If we have time in class, we may look at a few.
  • Here's the prompt they were responding to:
  • IntuitionReasonJonathan Haidt claims that the first principle of moral psychology is, "Intuitions Come First, Reasoning Second". Drawing only on the first three chapters of Haidt, but also Sapolsky 479-483, explain the meaning of this principle and how it is supported with research (about 400 words). How should we think about the relationship between intuition and reason in doing ethics? (about 200 words).
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