Difference between revisions of "MAR 29"

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==21: MAR 29. Unit Four: Justice and Justified Partiality==
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==18. MAR 29==
  
===Assigned===
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===Assigned Work===
  
[https://www.npr.org/2020/06/05/870352402/playing-favorites-when-kindness-toward-some-means-callousness-toward-others Hidden Brain, "Playing Favorites: When kindness toward some means callousness toward others"]
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:*Andrews, Geoff. Chapter 2: "The Critique of 'Fast Life'" ''The Slow Food Story'' (pp. 29-47). (18)
 +
:*Ogle, Maureen, ''In Meat We Trust,'' C2, "We Are Here To Make Money" (44-62) (18)
  
===Introduction to Justified Partiality Unit===
+
===In-Class===
  
:*A typical question for thinking about social justice is,
+
:*Unit 5 Student Reports on Food Ethics documentariesAssignment start.
::*'''"What do I owe strangers?"'''You can think of our approach in this unit as an indirect way of addressing that question by asking, first:
 
::*'''"What are the limits (if any) of partiality to family, intimates, friends?" (Your preference network)''' 
 
  
:*Today's class is focused on "personal partiality," the kind that shows up in our interpersonal social relationships.  The next class will focus on '''"impersonal altruism"''', which shows up in our commitments, if any, to benefit strangers, especially strangers in our society, but in some cases, globally.
+
===Unit 5 Food Ethics Documentary Assignment===
  
:*Three big questions:
+
:*This assignment invites you to view one of the documentaries (or several short documentaries) on food ethics (either the ones listed under [[Documentaries_specific_to_Food_Ethics_and_Animal_Slaughter]] or one of your own choosing and report briefly (3-8 minutes) to the class on the item you viewed. 
::*1. What are some the social functions of '''personal preferential treatment'''? (Draw in material from podcast)
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:*Start by reviewing the choices I have found. or consider looking for your own.  Then fill out this google form: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScjafsUKCtmZOupFFPuEvCnJ-VxJygyj7BiGxWlGAds0ijBzw/viewform?usp=sf_link Selection of Unit 5 Food ethics documentaries]. Fill out the form by '''Wednesday, March 30, 12 noon''' for '''5 points'''. If you want to pair up with others in the class, and even do a group viewing, please arrange that.  In class, we will reconcile some of the different presentation dates.
::*2. Could our networks of preferential treatment be the effect of and also promote injustice?
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:*Then watch your documentary. When you see the list of presentation dates, if you see other students presenting on the same resources on different dates try to adjust your presentation dates to match.
::*3. What principles or considerations might lead you to direct some resources (time, money, in-kind aid) outside your preference network? (We need additional resources for Question #3)
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:*On the date of your presentation, give a very short overview and reflection on the resource, offering clips if you wish.  These presentations are informal and will all receive '''15 points'''.
  
===Hidden Brain, "Playing Favorites"===
+
===Small Group Discussion: How Fast is your Food Culture?===
  
:*Intro
+
:*For this short group discussion, think of times in your current or past life where you enjoyed "slow life", the kind of experience of food and conviviality described by slow food advocates. For example:
::*Expectations for unique attention from one's beloved. We'd rather an inferior unique message than a message shared with others.  '''We want partiality'''. (Think about cases in which someone shows you a simple preference -- offering to pay for coffee, give you a ride somewhere, just showing you attention. It's wonderful!)
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::*A group house diner that lingers and leads to great conversation or other fun.
::*How does partiality fit with a desire for justice as equal treatment? Can partiality cause injustice?
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::*A friend comes to dinner, maybe you cook together,
 +
::*A meal out, no hurry, lingering while the restaurant empties out.
 +
::*Coffee/tea with a friend, conversation goes on past the drinks.
 +
::*Meaningful wasting of time. Sleeping in, pottering about, seconds on coffee and breakfast....
 +
:*Share your stories (and feel free to say you don't have this sort of experience!), but then shift the group discussion to try to identify what, if anything, is valuable about "slow life"?
  
:*'''Segment 1: Carla's Story'''
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:*Alternate line of thought: Does our cell phone behavior make it harder to achieve “slow life” pleasures?
::*Discrimination research: IAT - Implicit Association Test - Mahzarin Banaji (Harvard) one of the researchers on IAT.
 
::*Mahzarin Banaji and Professor Carla Kaplan (Yale English at time of story). Also a quilter. Friends in the 80s, among the few women at Yale.  Story of injury to Carla.  She gets preferential treatment because she is a professor, rather than because she was a quilter. Class based.
 
::*Is it discrimination if you are given a preference? [Imagine a system of preferences given to those we know. Could such a system support systemic injustice?]  Someone decides to show you "special kindness" -- above and beyond the ordinary. Language of discrimination based on "commission".  But what about omission? Hard to know if you didn't get preferential treatment.  Yikes!  Carla got to see both what it was like to be treated same and different. 
 
::*Most injustices of "omission" are invisible.
 
 
::*Story by Mahzarin about interview from former student journalist from magazine the professor didn't respect.  Suddenly, the in-group information about being a Yaley was enough to trigger a preference.  Preference networks in Ivy leagues schools.  But also Gonzaga!!! We actively cultivate a preferential network for you!  Because we care about you!
 
::*"Helping those with whom you have a group identity" is a form of modern discrimination, acc to Mahzarin.
 
::*Interesting feature of favoritism -- You often don't find out that you didn't get preferential treatment.
 
::*'''Favoritism doesn't get as much attention as discrimination.'''
 
  
::*Can you avoid favoritism? 
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===Andrews, Chapters 1 & 2, The Slow Food Story===
::*Could be based on "green beard effect" same school, etc.
 
  
:*'''Segment 2: Dillon the Altruist''' 16:00 minutes.
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====Chapter 1, "Politics in Search of Pleasure"====
::*What would it be like to try to overcome favoritism.
 
::*Story of Dillon Matthews. Tries to avoid favoritism. Middle school story. Utilitarian primer: Singer's argument about helping others in need.  Thought experiment: Saving a child from a pond ruins your suit.  Utilitarian altruism. 
 
::*''Singer's Principle'': If you can do good without giving up something of equal moral significance, you should do it. 
 
::*"Give Well" - documented charity work. (One of many sources that can assure you that your money did something good. Other examples: Jimmy Carter's mission, Gates' missions.  If you had contributed to such a cause, you would have been effective.)
 
::*Hannah’s model:  Value the person in front of you.  Then move out to others.  Courtship with Dillon involves debate over these two approaches:  Partiality justified vs not justified. Debating moral philosophy on a first date! Wow! It doesn't get any better than that. 
 
::*'''Effective altruism movement'''. The most good you can do. Evidence based altruism.  Vs. Hannah: Focused on family, friends, your neighborhood, city.  Parental lesson.  Dinner together. 
 
::*Utilitarian logic.  Equal happiness principle.  Dillon not focused on preference to people near him, but on effectiveness of altruism. (Feel the rationality, and maybe the unnaturalness of this.)
 
::*Dillon donates a kidney to a stranger.  Hmm. Not giving his kidney felt like hoarding something.  Hannah felt her beloved was taking an unnecessary risk.  "Being a stranger" made a difference to her. Audio of Dillon’s recovery. Hmm.  Dillon honored by Kidney Association. 
 
::*The Trolley Problem again, this time from Joshua Greene himself!!  Watch "The Good Place". 
 
::*What if the person you had to sacrifice was someone you loved, your child.  Dillon might do it. Dillion would do it.  "They are all the heroes of their own stories..." Dillon would sacrifice Hannah.  Hannah might sacrifice Dillion just know that's what he would want that, but no.  She wouldn't. Dillion jokes that he might kill himself after killing his child. 
 
::*Greene: She recognizes that what he would do is rational.  He's willing to override it, but he might not be able to live with himself for doing that.  (Elephant and rider.)
 
  
:*'''Segment 3: Neurobiology of Preference'''. 33:15 minutes.
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(This wasn't assigned for us, but I have these notes to share:)
::*Naturalness of preference. Evolutionary background: Preference promotes cooperation. Suite of capacities.  A package.  Don't lie, cheat, steal...
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:*context for slow food: social movements of the 60's and 70's.  (Italian counter-culture.)
::*”Morality is fundamentally about cooperation” (Greene):  Kin cooperation....Cooperation among friends... reciprocity...semi-strangers (same religion. friend of kin. friend of friend of kin.  Friends! 
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:*low power radio stations common means: Radio Bra Onde Rosse.
::*Moral concentric circles.  How big is my "Us"?  What is the range of humans I care about and to what degree?
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:*politics at Club Tenco, also the pursuit of pleasure.
::*Greene's analogy of automatic and manual camera modes.  (Two systems. Automatic (elephant) and Deliberate (rider).)  Difficult decisions might require '''manual mode'''. 
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:*revival of traditional festivals: the singing for eggs (Cante i'euv)
::*Manual mode: dlPFC (activated in utilitarian thought) (high cog load).  Automatic -- amygdala.  Snakes in the grass. Thank your amygdala.  Point: We need both systems.  We need lying, cheating, and stealing to be pretty automatic NOs!
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:*1982 incident: Montalcino Sagra del Tordo (thrush) Mention Arci clubs.
::*List: Easy calls: sharing concert tickets with a friendBuying dinner for an intimate partner. Giving a more valuable gift to one person than another. Harder: Figuring out whether to donate money to help people far away. How much?
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::*in play: '''Is the pursuit of pleasure through healthy food and culture a capitalist bourgeoisie plot or a fundamental "right to pleasure" to be advocated politically?'''
::*'''Crying baby scenario'''.  Inevitable outcomes seem to matter here.  Brain wrestles, as in experience. vmPFC (evaluates/weighs) 
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:*formation of an "Arci Gola" (appetite)
::*Lack of Tribal identity might tilt us toward rule based ethics. Equal treatment. Automatic systems not designed for a world that could help strangers 10,000 miles away.
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:*projects: Gambero Rosso, wine guides, Osterie d'Italia, guides to osterie.
::*Loyalty cases: men placing loyalty to men above other virtues.  Assumptions about family relationship. Do families sometime impose on your loyalty (can be disfunctional)? [Recent example of the Jan 6 insurrectionist who threatened his family not to rat him out. They did.]  The "worth being loyal to" part is sometimes unexamined. [recall the passenger dilemma]
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:*1986: wine poisoning scandalMcDonalds opens in Rome at Spanish Steps.
::*Example: Spending lots of money on a birthday party. 
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:*Slow Food Manifesto
::*Back to Dillon: Acknowledges limitsLiver story.  Bits of liver.  It grows back. Partners not so much.  
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:*Parallel movement in US embodied on story of Alice Waters, founder of [http://www.chezpanisse.com/menus/restaurant-menu/ Chez Panisse]. Pollan also finds sources of these ideas in 1960s US counter-culture.
::*Mazarin’s story about giving to alleviate Japanese disasterWe can retriever.
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:*Eco-gastronomy -- (a great sub-field of food study, by the way! cf. Dan Berber, The Third Plate) and the "politics of aesthetics" (only partly in line with Marxism).  (So Carlo Petrini is another candidate for Gramsci's authentic intellectual.)
::*— Giving Well — you really can save lives.
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:*Projects: international food exhibitions, then Terra Madre (2004), related movements in Germany (Greens)
::*Closing point by Joshua Greene.  If you ran into a burning building and saved someone, it would be a highpoint of your life. Why not consider the same outcome heroic even if it doesn't involve a burning building?
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:*slow food also has a conservative dimensionRestoration and preservation of historical food systems.
 +
::*Mention experience with Guido and the ancient grains seminarPhotos.
  
===Small Group Discussion: How big is your "us"?===
+
====Chapter 2, "The Critique of 'Fast Life'"====
  
:*Before we start adding more theory, let's process some of the moral challenges in the podcast:
+
:*some key dates: McDonald's in Rome, 1986, incident between the two arci chapters (a moment in which politics and gastronomy interact to great effect!). 
::*1. Interpersonal preferences (Carla hand surgery story).  Does this story exemplify a problem of doing justice? Is there a potential for systematic injustice from omissions?
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:*critique of "productivity culture"; efficiency vs. frenzy; idea that you need to live faster because other things are accelerating (financial trade volume, sale, news cycles, social media posting and communication). Especially focused on speed. 
::*2. Dillon and Hannah -- Which do you tilt toward? Would you be ok with Dillon's altruism?  Would you draw the line at the liver? Imagine you are in an intimate relationship and raising a familyYou make a median US income of about $70,000Your partner wants to give away 10%, 15%, 20% of your family incomeWhere do you draw that line?
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:*[In terms we have been using, Slow Food manifesto calls into question the "culinary cosmos" of the industrial lifestyle ''when it compromises basic human modes of experiencing pleasure in authentic and just food.''  ]
 +
:*critique includes resistance to corporate formations and rationalizations (degradation) of tasteSlow Food is tied to leftist politics, but also has a US upper middle class "face" in the US site. [https://www.slowfoodusa.org/?gclid=Cj0KEQjwzpfHBRC1iIaL78Ol-eIBEiQAdZPVKlmzqWS_FmOH2gJfU8ltX286Ru8IBHGg3w0LO9EgXVYaAjWK8P8HAQ] 
 +
:*Castell's theory of time-space compression -- capitalism more and more about speed of transactions. circulation of capital.  (on edge of a big discussion about the future of work - piece work is coming back).  
 +
:*Counter view of Charles Leadbeater and others: '''fast culture is the answer''', the problem is that we have all of these institutions from the 19th century and earlier slowing us down. 
 +
:*Victoria de Grazia, ''Irresistible Empire: America's Advance through 20th Century Europe'' -- American hegemony in food expressed in "reduction" of all class and value distinctions in foodRich and poor eat McD's.
 +
:*Ritzer's "McDonaldization of Society" -- "globalization of nothing" (social forms centrally conceived, centrally controlled and lacking in context).   
 +
:*Schlosser, Fast Food Nation:
 +
::*1970 6 billion on fast food; ("million" in the text is a mistake, I think)
 +
::*2001 110 billion
 +
::*2010 200 billion (not in text)
 +
:*British "trolley towns"; American suburbs.  globalization of construction and architecture.
 +
:*Petrini on slowness: p. 39 read 
 +
:*[https://www.cittaslow.org/ Slow cities]: features of slow cities: "A 54-point charter was developed, encouraging high quality local food and drink, general conviviality and the opposition to cultural standardisation." (from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cittaslow Cittaslow wiki])
  
===Question #3 (from above): "What are the limits (if any) of partiality to family, intimates, friends?"
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:*[https://www.slowfoodusa.org/ Slow Food USA]
  
:*Finding principles and resources for developing a position on "Justified Partiality"
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====Small Group Discussion: Slow food culture====
  
:*Let's define a couple of viewpoints to get started. Note that these views draw on both our study of morality as an evolved system as well as our philosophical theories:
+
:*Does Slow Food culture require a loss of productivity or is it more about reclaiming some of your time for an essential activity, or both?
 
+
:*Does the slow food movement present an attractive ideal for you? Or do you find yourself agreeing with Leadbeater that "fast culture is the answer"?
::*'''Tribalism''' - The view that there are no limits to partiality to our social network. Just as no one has a right to my friendship, no one has a moral complaint against me if I spend all of my resources on my partiality network. The tribalist might point the importance and naturalness of having a kin and friendship social network. Helping people outside this network might still be justified by self-interest.  A libertarian might arrive at a similar practical position, though from a focus on individual liberty and "self-ownership".
+
:*For those of you for whom it is an attractive ideal, identify 3-5 ways that you might implement slow food culture in your life?
 
 
::*"'''Post-Tribal Urbanism'''" - You recognize that values are needed to sustain large scale societies: values supporting market exchanges with strangers, values that support impersonal trust, impersonal honesty, and impersonal altruism.  Add a "Rawlsian twist" for refreshing additional theory!
 
 
 
::*'''Utilitarian Globalism''' - Following the equal happiness principle, the view that we ought to constrain our natural tendency to favor our own.  In principle, saving a life 12,000 miles from here is the same as saving a life in your community.  So, if you can save two lives....etc. Your "us" is big, but you still give weight to your preference network because you accept that this is a useful part of your evolved social behaviors.
 
 
 
::*'''Extreme Altruism''' - You feel that humans need to evolve from their preferential treatments of others.  You choose to live simply. Maximize giving.  Don't leave any organs un-recycled. A bit of liver can go a long way!
 

Latest revision as of 21:14, 29 March 2023

18. MAR 29

Assigned Work

  • Andrews, Geoff. Chapter 2: "The Critique of 'Fast Life'" The Slow Food Story (pp. 29-47). (18)
  • Ogle, Maureen, In Meat We Trust, C2, "We Are Here To Make Money" (44-62) (18)

In-Class

  • Unit 5 Student Reports on Food Ethics documentaries. Assignment start.

Unit 5 Food Ethics Documentary Assignment

  • This assignment invites you to view one of the documentaries (or several short documentaries) on food ethics (either the ones listed under Documentaries_specific_to_Food_Ethics_and_Animal_Slaughter or one of your own choosing and report briefly (3-8 minutes) to the class on the item you viewed.
  • Start by reviewing the choices I have found. or consider looking for your own. Then fill out this google form: Selection of Unit 5 Food ethics documentaries. Fill out the form by Wednesday, March 30, 12 noon for 5 points. If you want to pair up with others in the class, and even do a group viewing, please arrange that. In class, we will reconcile some of the different presentation dates.
  • Then watch your documentary. When you see the list of presentation dates, if you see other students presenting on the same resources on different dates try to adjust your presentation dates to match.
  • On the date of your presentation, give a very short overview and reflection on the resource, offering clips if you wish. These presentations are informal and will all receive 15 points.

Small Group Discussion: How Fast is your Food Culture?

  • For this short group discussion, think of times in your current or past life where you enjoyed "slow life", the kind of experience of food and conviviality described by slow food advocates. For example:
  • A group house diner that lingers and leads to great conversation or other fun.
  • A friend comes to dinner, maybe you cook together,
  • A meal out, no hurry, lingering while the restaurant empties out.
  • Coffee/tea with a friend, conversation goes on past the drinks.
  • Meaningful wasting of time. Sleeping in, pottering about, seconds on coffee and breakfast....
  • Share your stories (and feel free to say you don't have this sort of experience!), but then shift the group discussion to try to identify what, if anything, is valuable about "slow life"?
  • Alternate line of thought: Does our cell phone behavior make it harder to achieve “slow life” pleasures?

Andrews, Chapters 1 & 2, The Slow Food Story

Chapter 1, "Politics in Search of Pleasure"

(This wasn't assigned for us, but I have these notes to share:)

  • context for slow food: social movements of the 60's and 70's. (Italian counter-culture.)
  • low power radio stations common means: Radio Bra Onde Rosse.
  • politics at Club Tenco, also the pursuit of pleasure.
  • revival of traditional festivals: the singing for eggs (Cante i'euv)
  • 1982 incident: Montalcino Sagra del Tordo (thrush) Mention Arci clubs.
  • in play: Is the pursuit of pleasure through healthy food and culture a capitalist bourgeoisie plot or a fundamental "right to pleasure" to be advocated politically?
  • formation of an "Arci Gola" (appetite)
  • projects: Gambero Rosso, wine guides, Osterie d'Italia, guides to osterie.
  • 1986: wine poisoning scandal. McDonalds opens in Rome at Spanish Steps.
  • Slow Food Manifesto
  • Parallel movement in US embodied on story of Alice Waters, founder of Chez Panisse. Pollan also finds sources of these ideas in 1960s US counter-culture.
  • Eco-gastronomy -- (a great sub-field of food study, by the way! cf. Dan Berber, The Third Plate) and the "politics of aesthetics" (only partly in line with Marxism). (So Carlo Petrini is another candidate for Gramsci's authentic intellectual.)
  • Projects: international food exhibitions, then Terra Madre (2004), related movements in Germany (Greens)
  • slow food also has a conservative dimension. Restoration and preservation of historical food systems.
  • Mention experience with Guido and the ancient grains seminar. Photos.

Chapter 2, "The Critique of 'Fast Life'"

  • some key dates: McDonald's in Rome, 1986, incident between the two arci chapters (a moment in which politics and gastronomy interact to great effect!).
  • critique of "productivity culture"; efficiency vs. frenzy; idea that you need to live faster because other things are accelerating (financial trade volume, sale, news cycles, social media posting and communication). Especially focused on speed.
  • [In terms we have been using, Slow Food manifesto calls into question the "culinary cosmos" of the industrial lifestyle when it compromises basic human modes of experiencing pleasure in authentic and just food. ]
  • critique includes resistance to corporate formations and rationalizations (degradation) of taste. Slow Food is tied to leftist politics, but also has a US upper middle class "face" in the US site. [1]
  • Castell's theory of time-space compression -- capitalism more and more about speed of transactions. circulation of capital. (on edge of a big discussion about the future of work - piece work is coming back).
  • Counter view of Charles Leadbeater and others: fast culture is the answer, the problem is that we have all of these institutions from the 19th century and earlier slowing us down.
  • Victoria de Grazia, Irresistible Empire: America's Advance through 20th Century Europe -- American hegemony in food expressed in "reduction" of all class and value distinctions in food. Rich and poor eat McD's.
  • Ritzer's "McDonaldization of Society" -- "globalization of nothing" (social forms centrally conceived, centrally controlled and lacking in context).
  • Schlosser, Fast Food Nation:
  • 1970 6 billion on fast food; ("million" in the text is a mistake, I think)
  • 2001 110 billion
  • 2010 200 billion (not in text)
  • British "trolley towns"; American suburbs. globalization of construction and architecture.
  • Petrini on slowness: p. 39 read
  • Slow cities: features of slow cities: "A 54-point charter was developed, encouraging high quality local food and drink, general conviviality and the opposition to cultural standardisation." (from Cittaslow wiki)

Small Group Discussion: Slow food culture

  • Does Slow Food culture require a loss of productivity or is it more about reclaiming some of your time for an essential activity, or both?
  • Does the slow food movement present an attractive ideal for you? Or do you find yourself agreeing with Leadbeater that "fast culture is the answer"?
  • For those of you for whom it is an attractive ideal, identify 3-5 ways that you might implement slow food culture in your life?