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3: SEP 14

Assigned Reading

• Sonnenbergs, C 7, "Eat Sh*t and Live" (163-185) 22
• Isolated Fiber in industrial food

More on Fiber

• Isolated Fiber in industrial food
• And you would think "fiber is fiber," but no. Isolated fiber. Also, an example of "nutritionism". Real fiber needs are not a fad.
• Intact (soluble and insoluble) vs. Isolated (synthetically produced) - Resistant starch, polydextrose, indigestible dextrins. Research question: Are these MACs? Guessing not.
• Examples of intact fiber in traditional and modern global cuisine. (Haven School CB)
• Define nutritionism.
• Demo nutrition site. Are there sites that track intact vs. isolated fiber?
• Personal optional exercise: Review your diet for fiber. Try to distinguish intact vs. isolated.

Food Budget Exercise

Recall question 21 from our First Day Food Survey: "Q21 - Organic food is too expensive to afford on a $15 / hour wage (about 25%percentile by household in US)." 8 strong agree, 7 agree, 6 somewhat, 1 disagree.

First part of the discussion involves "organic" (recall notes from previous class)

Next we should try to put some numbers to the problem. (On board calculation).

• Small group exercise: Compare notes on monthly food costs for a single eater (or divide if shared) omitting alcohol, non-food items, but including take out, coffee, soda, etc., and restaurants)? If possible, try to estimate Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner, and non-meal eating.
• Compare your budgets and then we will consider the question of the cost of an organic or, better, “high food value” food budget. (7-8 minutes)
• Cost of a "high value foods" diet vs. cost of translating your current diet into a "high value foods" diet. Probably can't do the latter for $500/month. But you can, in Spokane anyway, have an optimal food value diet for about $600 a month.

Sonnenbergs, C 7, "Eat Sh*t and Live" (Recommended)

• This chapter is more focused on diseases that have been treatable with new knowledge about the M, and the limits of that research currently.

• Gastroenteritis, infectious diarrhea, -- culprits like Giardia, Salmonella, and norovirus.
• Immunological effects of the M: "colonization resistance" - mechanisms (165) - crowding out, bacteriocidal chemicals. Problematic nature of antibiotics in the M.

• C. difficile (Cdiff) -- associated disease CDAD. 14,000 deaths in US a year. why antibiotics don't always help. spores.
• 2013 Dutch FMT therapy for CDAD - 94% cure rate (note earlier researcher in 50s who tried this.)

• Antibiotics -- Interesting that Americans not only eat the Western Diet, but take high levels of antibiotics. Effects of Cipro on M. -- decrease in volume (-10-100x) and diversity of bacteria (25-50% of species). Test subject had diverse responses. Some recovered M in several weeks. Some sustained damage. 2nd round of Cipro hurt everyone's M. Microbes in the gut can trigger immune responses and some even release anti-biotics directly at pathogens.

• IBS and IBD - 177: Finding your personal "transit time".

• Difficulties with FMT as a therapy: dangers in introducing new bacteria into someone's gut. Might be hard to remove. (Like issue of releasing GMOs in environment.)
• Limited results from FMT in humans for obesity treatment. or inflammatory bowel disease.