Meditation Exercises

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Mindfulness Meditation Exercise

Meditation
This wiki page just gives you a simple set of instructions for a basic "mindfulness meditation". As you will discover from the "Meditation Resource Page for Fall 2023" and other sources, meditation encompasses a wide range of practices and goals. Some are connected to religious and spiritual traditions, while others are not.

The mindfulness meditation exercise described in this self-guided resource page is one of the most basic meditation exercises and a good one to begin with. It involves two basic skills: quieting the mind and becoming a better observer of how the mind works. Quieting the mind is the real challenge, in part because that's not quite the way the mind works naturally.

Before you begin, it might be helpful to remind you of some of the reasons people value this particular sort of meditation:
  • 1) Quieting the mind helps you realize how noisy it is by nature and how mental contents appear and often dominate our attention.
  • 2) Quieting the mind is intrinsically pleasant.
  • 3) Quieting the mind helps you become more attentive to your environment, and more reflective and deliberate about some of your responses.
  • 4) Watching noisy minds with a quiet mind can be a source of insight.
  • 5) Quieting the mind is often an initial step to other meditation goals.
This section gathers links, articles, and ideas on the mindfulness meditation. If you are thinking about doing the mindfulness exercises for one of my classes, this is the place to start.

First Mindfulness Exercise:  A Sitting Meditation Focused on Breathing and the Body

Before starting your meditation, update your todo list and consider putting your phone on "do not disturb". Your mind is designed to remind you of things, and it's hard not to peek at a new text message. To-do items and planning are often things the mind naturally takes us to if it doesn't know we are on top of things.
Find a quiet room (a church or chapel works or a time when your roommates are asleep) as a setting for your meditation.  Pick a time of day when you are not too tired or hungry and when you do not have to rush to an appointment immediately after meditating.  If you are very tired when you meditate, you might fall asleep!  If you have to go to class or some other appointment immediately after meditating, you might be distracted and not relax during your mediation. You can consider an outside location away from noise and people, but some people find that this does not work.
Sit upright in a comfortable position, either on a chair or the floor. If you are sitting on the floor, you may want to support your back against a wall. Initially, you should settle your body into a sitting posture, making yourself comfortable, but not slouching. Try to straighten your spine to balance the weight of your upper body. Feel the weight of your body and notice the places where there is either body to body pressure or body to floor pressure. Try to reduce pressure points. Adjust your posture to distribute your weight. Office chairs are often great for mediating because they help us maintain good posture.
Close your eyes and pay attention to your breathing.  Take normal breaths. If possible, keep your mouth closed and breath through your nose so that you can hear and feel the breath, as in yoga. The breath is important in meditation because it is a sound you can concentrate on but it doesn't have any particular meaning. That is also true of mantras. They are word-sounds that have no meaning to the user. "Om-mani padme-hum" is a common mantra. You can say the first part inhaling, the middle part as you turn to exhale, and the last part as you exhale.
You might try selectively contracting and relaxing muscles in different parts of your body, working up from your feet.  Take your time with each muscle group. Slowly tense the muscles and relax them, perhaps in tune with your breathing (e.g. one to two breaths to tighten, then relax and exhale). Avoid retightening the muscle group as you move on. In succession, tighten and relax the muscles in your feet, your lower legs, your thighs, your buttocks and abdomen, your chest, arms, neck, face and head.  Stretch your neck all around your collar bone to relax it. This should all take time. Don't rush. As you become quietly aware of your body, return your attention to your breathing when your mind takes you to your everyday concerns. For a variation on this pre-meditation exercise, consider trying just the pre-meditation exercises in this document. You could some stretching before you sit down as well.
As you start your meditation, many thoughts will occur to you to distract you from your attention to your breathing.  Within a minute or so you will probably find yourself thinking about something that you need to do or something that is coming up in your life. You'll remember that you have to get groceries, finish a paper, call someone, etc.  Acknowledge that you are thinking about these things and then make a conscious choice to turn your attention back to your breathing and your body. If you need to update your todo list or jot something down, do that.
Be prepared for your mind to periodically take you away from your breathing and back to your affairs, worries, hopes, and chores. If something keeps intruding (like an appointment that you keep remembering that you need to make or a task that you suddenly remember), you might want to update your to-do list next time before you start meditating. You can, of course, open your eyes and jot the item down. But remember, the goal is to quiet the mind. In any case, it is more likely that you will remember all of these details better after a good meditation, so you might just chance it.
The goal of focusing on breathing is to quiet the mind. The mind is sometimes referred to in meditation circles (and, originally, in Buddhist writing) as a "chattering monkey," distracting you from our own experience and elevating your anxiety with a steady stream of thoughts about various things you need to do in your life. In yogic philosophy, the goal of meditation is the restraint of the modifications of consciousness. Quieting the mind makes sense as a preparation for mindfulness, but that's one more thing you should assess from the standpoint of some experience. Becoming more mindful involves heightening your awareness of your present experience and, presumably, both enjoying it more and seeing things in a less distracted way. "Mindfulness" advocates are sometimes criticized for focusing on the present, but they claim that you will benefit from approaching the future with a calm and orderly mind.
Completing the Assignment.
I recommend that you make meditations daily for this assignment, if you can, but at least try to meditate 4-6 times a week. If you can go right up to 20-30 minutes great, but if you need to work your way from 5-10 minutes up to a longer meditation, that's fine too. If you have a very busy week and need to extend the assignment, that's fine. The point is to get a lot from your meditation so that you actually look forward to spending time in a meditative state.
For this assignment you should commit to about 4 weeks of meditation and turn in one journal each week describing your experience in relation to the goal.
  • he first journal or two should focus on things that are going well or are challenging in your practice. Ideally by weeks 2 or 3 you are getting what might be called a meditation effect (I'll try to describe that.). If you get to week 3 and have not had that experience, let's talk about the obstacles.
Assuming you are getting a mediation effect of some kind, the third and fourth journals should reflect on how things look and feel after a particularly good mediation. Do you look at stressful situations differently? Do you approach problems differently. You do not need to report positive results for this assignment. The goal is to experience meditation and, hopefully, notice some effects from it.
You can also decide that the assignment isn't for you and simply remove it from your grading scheme.
  • You can also email me with questions and to report difficulties apart from your journal entries.

Variations in Meditation

  • You can explore variations of many kinds in your meditations, but my recommendation is that you focus most of your early practice on the basic mind-quieting exercise. Maybe the simplest variation is to do some stretching or Yoga poses before you meditate. The more your can settle your body, the more you can settle your mind. Some people find it helpful to meditate after physical exercise.
  • You do not always have to be focused on the body and the breath. There are sound meditations, concentration meditations (in which you keep your eyes open and engaged in a relaxed focus on an object), meditations to build particular kinds of affect like compassion, gratitude, kindness, etc. There are audio meditations you can use from the UCLA Semel Institute site for varying the focus of your meditation. (Thanks to Diana Winston at UCLA for making these available.) Like yoga poses, as you learn a new focus for a meditation, you can repeat that focus at your own choice in your own experience. I encourage you to try a compassion building meditation at some point. Like anything else, you'll find that you have preferences based on your experience.
  • While the initial exercise above is a sitting meditation, you may also want to try a lying down meditation: Savasana. You may find that this leads naturally to a short nap.
  • Some sites with guided meditation.

Exploring Buddhist exercises and thought

Read the wiki page on "Vipassana"
Google "practical vipassana exercises" to get the 60 page pdf, "Practical Vipassana Exercises," Ven. Mahasi Sayadaw. This text form the Buddha Dharma Education Association might require some discusssion, but it's really very clear. My understanding is that a basic goal of Vipassana (or "insight") meditation is to observe carefully the way we are interacting with the world through our physical sensations, specific intentions, memories, and anticipations. In effect, by developing these observational skills and the self-awareness that comes with them, you will be in a better position to make assessments of your experience.
Check out this wiki article: [Theraveda Philosophy]
Some recent treatments on meditation in media:
  • Fresh Air on Buddhism and Mindfulness. Robert Wright, Why Buddhism is True [2]

Mindfulness research centers

U. Mass Medical Center has a famous mindfulness meditation research program:[3]
UCLA's Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior: http://www.marc.ucla.edu. This site has some free audio meditations that students of mine have found helpful. -Alfino
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