View source for Child Labor/Trafficking

==Human Trafficking/Child Labor Definitions==
===CIA, Human Trafficking Defined===

'''Finding'''
Persons-CIA, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in. "Human Trafficking Defined." Definition. 2008. <http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2008/105487.htm>

'''Summary'''
There is not much text on this site, but it provides a great chart that allows you to see what constitutes/qualifies as human trafficking. Credible source and easy to read.

'''Casey Birdsell'''

===What Is Child Labor?===

"What Is Child Labour?." Anti-Slavery. Anti-Slavery International, n.d. Web. 24 Oct 2011. <http://www.antislavery.org/english/slavery_today/child_labour.aspx>.

'''Summary'''
Easily outlines what child labor and child trafficking is and the gravity of the problem. It also describes where and why children work.

'''Stephanie Gosse'''

===HUMAN Trafficking===

'''Finding'''
"HUMAN Trafficking." Hispanic 2007: 46,46-48. ProQuest Research Library. Web. 24 Oct. 2011 <http://search.proquest.com/docview/237010693?accountid=1557>

'''Summary'''
This is kind of long, and the headnote is okay to skip (it's just a dramatization of an example, and there's hardly any substance). But it defines human trafficking well, and gives great specific examples.

'''Maggie Fischer'''

==General Human Trafficking and Child Labor Background/Articles==

===Child Labor Public Education Project===

'''Finding''' What Is Child Labor? - The Child Labor Education Project." Division of Continuing Education - The University of Iowa. Web. 26 Oct. 2011. <http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/about/what_is_child_labor.html>.

'''Summary''' This article gives background information on child labor and what it is. It is informative on the different kinds of labor, and statistics on where it is most commonly found. There are links from this article that include child labor in the U.S, causes of child labor, U.S laws, health issues, global economy, ect.

'''Hania Burrows'''

===Human Trafficking: Past and Present===

'''Finding and Link'''
Ryf, Kara C. "The First Modern Anti-Slavery Law: The Trafficking Victims Act of 2000." Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 34.1 (2002): 45,45-71. ProQuest Research Library. Web. 24 Oct. 2011. http://search.proquest.com/docview/211157724/1329E7DC6BD57EE8115/1?accountid=1557 

'''Summary'''
This is a great source of information. It analyses the growth in slavery, and the gives present-day statistics as well as background on the history of human trafficking. It's extremely detailed, and a bit long, but very useful information as a whole. 

'''Maggie Fischer'''

===Human Trafficking===

'''Finding''' "Human Trafficking." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Trafficking>. 

'''Summary''' General information on human trafficking from the main wikipedia page. A wide range of topics dealing with the issue. Worth reading for some good background knowledge.

'''Alicia Bies'''

===Child Labour===

'''Finding''' "Child Labour." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labor>. 

'''Summary''' Wikipedia page on child labor. Based on historical, present day, recent incidents, and defense of child labor. Once again, worth reading.

'''Alicia Bies'''

===Child Labor: Children Who Sell Themselves===

'''Finding''' Faleiro, Sonia. "Children Who Sell Themselves." The New York Times. 6 Sept. 2011. <http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/07/opinion/07iht-edfaleiro07.html?_r=1&ref=childlabor>

'''Summary''' This is an article from the New York Times, it ties into both child labor and human trafficking. It is about the personal experience of a young boy who willingly offers himself to traffickers because he can no longer take going hungry.  

'''Hania Burrows'''

==Human Trafficking/Child Labor Organizations==
===CNN Freedom Project===

'''Finding''' 
<http://thecnnfreedomproject.blogs.cnn.com/?iref=allsearch>

'''Summary'''
This is the webpage that CNN has to hold all of their data about eliminating human trafficking in the world. This includes current efforts, news articles, facts and informative pages with a selection of both general and specific information.

'''Casey Birdsell'''

===The Polaris Project===

'''Finding'''
<http://www.polarisproject.org/>

'''Summary'''
Webpage for a leading U.S. anti-human trafficking organization. Describes every action being taken against human trafficking in the project, gives an overview of what human trafficking is and what it means globally and locally, and informs the reader about how to get involved in the anti-human trafficking movement. 

'''Maggie Fischer'''

===Human Trafficking.org===

'''Finding'''
<http://www.humantrafficking.org/>

'''Summary'''
Webpage for an anti-human trafficking website that goes into detail about the suffering and organizations in each country worldwide. It's key purpose is raising awareness, so it involves general and detailed articles separated by country.

'''Maggie Fischer'''

===STOP THE TRAFFIK===

'''Finding''' 
<http://www.stopthetraffik.org/ourwork/freedom/ >

'''Summary'''
This is an organization that focuses on stopping the sale of people and promotes efforts to give humans a better life. They have a webpage full of background information and current efforts to help those impacted by human trafficking. 

'''Casey Birdsell'''

===The International Labour Organization===

"About the ILO." The International Labor Organization. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Oct 2011. <http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/lang--en/index.htm>.

'''Summary'''
The ILO is an international organization that regulates working standards. The organization also advocates working rights, employment opportunities, and social protection. Its members include government officials, employers, and workers to establish fair labor policies and programs. 

'''Stephanie Gosse'''

===Free the Slaves===

'''Finding'''
<http://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_bales.html>

'''Summary'''
A TED talk about slavery by Kevin Bales, leader of the Free the Slaves movement discussing the dangerous and horrific consequences of slavery.

'''Maggie Fischer'''

==Specific Modern Examples==
===Laboe, Barbara. Longview Couple sentenced in human trafficking case===

'''Finding and Link'''
LaBoe, Barbara. "Longview couple sentenced in human trafficking case." 19 October 2011. The Daily News. October 22 2011 <http://tdn.com/news/local/article_d41d8986-fabc-11e0-b0b0-001cc4c002e0.html>.

'''Summary'''
This article is from my hometown is a perfect example of how close to home this issue is. This article is mainly informative as to the actions that are being taken and the human trafficking scheme that occurred. 

'''Casey Birdsell'''

===Cambodian woman sentenced in human trafficking case===

'''Finding and Link'''
"Rare Success Against Trafficking ; Thailand Sentences a Cambodian Woman to 50 Years in Jail for Trafficking Eight Women." The Christian Science Monitor: 06. ProQuest. Mar 23 2005. Web. 24 Oct. 2011 <http://search.proquest.com/docview/405675582?accountid=1557>

'''Summary'''
This article gives a specific example of a woman in Thailand sentenced to fifty years for trafficking women. An interesting case, since the general assumption is that men traffic these young women, but it is an apparently gender-neutral issue. Although this is not close to home, it is a specific example, and rare (most human trafficking cases are never tried).

'''Maggie Fischer'''

===Importance of Work Permits for Minors===
Cook, Rachel. "Minors need work permits for most jobs." Bakersfield.com. The Bakersfield Californian, 24 Oct 2011. Web. 24 Oct 2011. <http://www.bakersfield.com/news/local/x860822436/Minors-need-work-permits-for-most-jobs>.

'''Summary'''
This article reports about a teenager's death while working. The article emphasizes the importance of work permits and reinforces the permits' requirements. Slightly discourages child labor when it raises the question of why the victim was working instead of attending school.

'''Stephanie Gosse'''

===$15 million grant to help fight Child Labor in the Philippines===

'''Finding''' Mabasa, Roy C. "$15-M Grant to Help Fight Child Labor | The Manila Bulletin Newspaper Online." Mb.com.ph | The Manila Bulletin Newspaper Online. Web. 26 Oct. 2011. <http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/336967/15m-grant-help-fight-child-labor>.

'''Summary''' The United States awarded a $15 million grant to the Philippines to help them fight against child labor, especially in the sugarcane growing regions of the country. 

'''Hania Burrows'''

===The Issue of Human Trafficking in Spokane/Eastern Washington===

'''Finding and Link'''
"HUMAN SMUGGLING A LOCAL ISSUE; Workshop Examines Spokane's 'Hidden Slave Culture';" Spokesman Review: B.1. Washington State Newsstand. Oct 08 2005. Web. 24 Oct. 2011 <http://search.proquest.com/docview/395019861?accountid=1557>

'''Summary'''
This articles gives excellent insight into the human trafficking issue in Spokane and Eastern Washington. This is an eye-opener as it's extremely close to home, and the way it's written echoes the woes of many American cities who are riddled with the human trafficking issue.

'''Maggie Fischer'''

===Child Labor in North America versus South America/Asia===
Zipp, Yvonne. "Child Labors to Free Child Laborers Twelve-Year-Old Boy Determines to Free Millions of Exploited Children." The Christian Science Monitor: 21. ProQuest. Feb 18 1999. Web. 24 Oct. 2011 <http://search.proquest.com/docview/405637939?accountid=1557>. 

'''Summary'''
Human-rights organizers visit Thailand and experience first-hand the child workers. The abusive effects of child labor prompts the travelers to write "Free the Children" and begs the question: why child labor unacceptable for North American kids but not for children in places like Thailand and Brazil?

'''Stephanie Gosse'''

==Human Trafficking/Child Labor in the US==
===Hepburn, Stephanie, and Rita J. Simon. "Hidden in Plain Sight: Human Trafficking in the United States."===

'''MLA and Link''' Hepburn, Stephanie, and Rita J. Simon. "Hidden in Plain Sight: Human Trafficking in the United States." Gender Issues 27.1-2 (2010): 1,1-26. ProQuest Research Library. Web. 24 Oct. 2011. http://search.proquest.com/docview/856587758/1329C7CA7F17808E717/8?accountid=1557 

'''Summary/Reconstruction''' Research article on human trafficking. Gives key words for further research. Describes human trafficking in the US, but also discusses the trafficking in other nations. States how there are both similarities and differences in human trafficking between nations. Doesn't matter geographical location or if the country is 1st, 2nd, or 3rd world- human trafficking still exists.

'''Alicia Bies'''

===Clinton, Remarks on the Release of the 2011 Trafficking in Persons Report===

'''Finding''' Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Remarks on the Release of the 2011 Trafficking in Persons Report." DC: US Department of State, 27 June 2011 <http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2011/06/167156.htm>

'''Summary'''
This website provides Secretary Clinton's speech in response the the 2011 Global Report on Human Trafficking. She speaks of global efforts, the views of the US, and the improvements of conditions. She gives personal examples and emphasizes the community effort to eliminate this problem from our society.

'''Casey Birdsell'''

===US child labor violations in the retail and service industries: findings from a national survey of adolescents===

'''Finding''' JM Bowling, et al. "US child labor violations in the retail and service industries: findings from a national survey of working adolescents." American Journal of Public Health 98.9 (2008): 1693-1699. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. EBSCO. Web. 24 Oct. 2011.

'''Summary''' This article is about child labor violations among U.S teenagers working in the retail and services industries. It shows percentages of workers who have violated hazardous occupation orders.

'''Hania Burrows'''

===Failed US Policy on Human Trafficking===

'''Finding''' Potocky, Miriam. "The Travesty of Human Trafficking: A Decade of Failed U.S. Policy." Social work 55.4 (2010): 373,373-5. ProQuest. Web. 28 Oct. 2011. http://search.proquest.com/docview/759964707?accountid=1557

'''Summary''' This article highlights the fact the United States has focused their policy more on antiprostitution than antislavery as human trafficking has surfaced more constantly. This is a politically biased article, however provides good insight into our people's multiple perspectives on the topic and how to handle it.

'''Casey Birdsell'''

===Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking in the US===

'''Finding''' Kotrla, K. (2010). Domestic minor sex trafficking in the united states. Social Work, 55(2), 181-181-7. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/193904157?accountid=1557

'''Summary''' This article has a great background to how human trafficking has influenced the minors of our country including a definition of DMST and statistics as to how common it is in our nation.

'''Casey Birdsell'''

==Sex Trafficking==
===Sex-trafficking, Violence, Negotiating Skill, and HIV Infection in Brothel-based Sex Workers in other Countries===
'''MLA and Link''' Sarkar, Kamalesh, et al. "Sex-Trafficking, Violence, Negotiating Skill, and HIV Infection in Brothel-Based Sex Workers of Eastern India, Adjoining Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh." Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition 26.2 (2008): 223,223-31. ProQuest Research Library. Web. 24 Oct. 2011. 
http://search.proquest.com/docview/202993576/1329EACEDCC5AAE047/1?accountid=1557 

'''Summary''' This article has many great statistics about violence, negotiation, and infections related to women of all ages in brothel-based sex work. The study was taken from women from India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Bandladesh.

'''Alicia Bies'''

===Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking in the United States===
'''MLA and Link'''  Kotrla, Kimberly. "Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking in the United States." Social work 55.2 (2010): 181,181-7. ProQuest. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. http://search.proquest.com/docview/193904157/1329EACEDCC5AAE047/2?accountid=1557 

'''Summary''' Discusses the problem that youth is the largest group at harm to become victim of sex-trafficking. Girls as young as 5 are lured into the commercial sex industry, 70% of women were lured in the prostitution business before age 18.

'''Alicia Bies'''

===Human Sex Trafficking===
'''MLA and Link''' Walker-Rodriguez, Amanda, and Rodney Hill. "Human Sex Trafficking." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 80.3 (2011): 1,1-9. ProQuest Research Library. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. http://search.proquest.com/docview/856990689/1329EACEDCC5AAE047/8?accountid=1557

'''Summary''' States what sex trafficking is, and what it isn't. Gives information on the business of sex trafficking, what the federal level is doing about the problem, what different states are doing about the problem, and where to find sex trafficking businesses/ indicators that a women has been trafficked.

'''Alicia Bies'''

===Sexual Slavery===
'''MLA and Link''' "Sexual Slavery." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_trafficking>.

'''Summary''' Basic information on sex trafficking. Wide range of topics that deal with sex trafficking: definition, human trafficking, commercial sexual exploitation of children, forced prostitution, crime against humanity, sexual slavery during armed conflict and war, contemporary and historical sexual slavery.

'''Alicia Bies'''

===The first modern anti-slavery law: The Trafficking Victims Act of 2000===
'''MLA and Link''' Ryf, Kara C. "The First Modern Anti-Slavery Law: The Trafficking Victims Act of 2000." Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 34.1 (2002): 45,45-71. ProQuest Research Library. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. http://search.proquest.com/docview/211157724/1329EE28FE12230D1BE/1?accountid=1557

'''Summary''' Basic information on the Trafficking Victinms Protecion Act, as well as further knowledge on human trafficking. This article is an analysis of the act, so caution of bias from the author.

'''Alicia Bies'''

===Who are the traffickers?===
'''Cite and Link''' Who Are the Traffickers? | Freedom Blog." National Underground Railroad Freedom Center - Cincinnati, Ohio. Web. 12 Nov. 2011. <http://freedomcenter.org/freedom-forum/index.php/2010/02/data-human-trafficking/>.

'''Summary''' This article focuses on who participates in human trafficking, and what drives them.

'''Hania Burrows'''