Difference between revisions of "Tem"

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==DEC 5==
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==JAN 30: 4 ==
  
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:*Using Happiness Research in Community Development
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===Microbiome Movie Notes===
  
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::*Core Rationale for Using Happiness Research in Community 
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:*[https://login.proxy.foley.gonzaga.edu/login?url=http://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=16149&xtid=94805 Medical Revolution The Gut Microbiome]  
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:::*1. We have a shared interest in economic activity that satisfies our community's needs.
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:*[[Medical Revolution The Gut Microbiome Notes]]
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:::*2. Our primary cultural theory for how to do that is to increase GDP and rely on "non-intentional cooperation" to meet needs through self-interested economic activity.
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:*[[The Gut -- Our Second Brain Notes]]
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:::*3. Some critics of this approach agree that market economies are the fundamentally efficient, but argue that they can be assessed with better measures than GDP.
 
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:::*4. Happiness research allows communities to assess flows and stocks of goods, both economic and non-economic.   
 
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:::*5. The same justifications for using political and economic policy to maintain GDP growth apply to more complete measures of subjective well-being in communities.
 
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:::*C. Therefore, community development should be guided by both economic growth and broader measures of well-being.
 
  
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::*Models for Using Happiness Research in Community Development
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===Montgomery, David and anne Bilke, "What Your Microbiome Wants for Dinner"===
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:::*'''Macro-Economic Policy''' -- Incentives, taxes, and transfers can be used to address public well-being problems (ex. Opiod crisis, super fund sites, urban and rural development).  Unemployment policy is a major focus of Happiness and Public Policy research (Frey and Stutzer).
 
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:::*'''Zoning and Business Development''' -- This often takes the form of requirements and conditions placed on development based neighborhood community development plans.  While this is a mainstream activity of government, it is often a lightning rod for political disagreement.  Zoning requirements are often experience by entrepreneurs as an unwelcome tax or limitation on productivity.
 
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:::*'''Government agencies focused on community well-being''' -- Parks and Recreation. In Spokane, for example, Corbin Arts. Parks programming. 
 
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:::*'''Socially Responsible Entrepreneurship''' -- Many entrepreneurs (especially those who are community based) approach investing with the goal of meeting self-interested and other-interested goals.  They are hence more open to "voluntary intentional cooperation" with community planners.  Example: [http://www.lincfoods.com/linc-farmers/ Link Food in Spokane]
 
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:::*'''Philanthropic Advocacy for the Civil Economy''' -- Civic leaders and organizations from mainstream groups like Rotary, Chamber of Commerce often achieve improvements in a community's stock of social capital.  Often business leaders in local communities come to understand that their opportunities might be contingent upon solving local problems.  Examples like Riverfront Park, Riverfront Square (maybe), [http://www.sustainableseattle.org/ Sustainable Seattle], Tilth (in Seattle) suggest that civic groups can be effective in making intentional community development a product of community consensus (sort of).
 
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:::*'''Employment in the Civil Economy''' -- Organizations such as SNAP, Catholic Charities, Lutheran Services, Meals on Wheels, etc. can be thought of as part of a civil economy since they generate economic activity around solving social problems.  But so also, developers who maintain Section 8 housing projects as a matter of organizational mission.  Community development (whether government, foundation, or community based) can be thought of as a distinct sector of economic activity focused by mission on improving community well-being. 
 
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:::*'''Voluntary Philanthropic Projects and Services''' -- Voluntary work might be included here as well if you regard the research as compelling in suggesting there are non-monetary benefits from volunteering.  Examples beyond individual community volunteering include: Tilth
 
  
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===Frey and Strutzer, "Policy Consequences of Happiness Research"===
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:*Digestion Basics
 +
::*good introduction to digestion. 
 +
::*inverse relation between complexity of the food molecule and how far it continues to contribute to digestion as it moves through the tube.
 +
::*note distinct environments of the tract and their respective "ecologies" - 7 quarts of fluids through small intestine. 
 +
::*genomic "division of labor" -- our genes code for 20 enzymes to break down complex carbs but our bacterial guests code for 260 enzymes for that purpose.
 +
::*Microbiota (M) like a pharmacy. 
  
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:*Main highlights:
+
:*Grain Wreck
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::*Effects of unemployment: Research suggesting that unemployment has a negative effect on SWB of both unemployed and employed.  Psychic costs of unemployment.  Social effects: inequality, crime, disruption of family life.  Why would unemployment affect the employed?  empathy, fear of economic insecurity.  Main point: unemployment looks different when assessed wholistically.  Not just about the "reservation wage".
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::*Chemistry of Typical cereal crop seed --
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::*Policy implications unclear:  The pain of unemployment is a motivator (Psychic costs may be functional.) Artificial job creation might have negative effects on investment.  
+
::*Note that you lose the fats in the grain to stabilize it for production purposes.  Fats go rancid.  Also, white bread is sweet to the taste.  Because it's already breaking down into sugars (simpler carbs) even in your mouth.
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::*Externalities of Status markets: "People do not value the absolute level of their income but compare their economic standing to others." Positional externalities: Example [https://wiki.gonzaga.edu/alfino/images/4/43/Cartoon_ResearchersSay.jpg 1], [https://wiki.gonzaga.edu/alfino/images/4/4f/CartoonPaycut.jpg 2]. There is a rationale in mainstream economics for addressing externalities.  In this case by taxation and transfer. But again, there are problems.  In addition to effect of taxation on growth, people might choose other ways to show status.
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::*historical point: total carb consumption stable over 20th c US, but types of carbs changed.  Whole grains and rate of sugar absorbtion (tracked by "glycemic index")
 +
 
 +
:*Meat
 +
::*Protein Putrefication (Does this happen alot?) - compounds produced by undigested meat in large intestine interferes with butyrate production -- important for general colonic health.  Thinning of bacterial density leaves openning for pathogens and physical damage.   
 +
::*High fat diets can lead to higher rates of bile in the large intestine, which it doesn't handle well.  secondary bile acids.
 +
::*Needn't be a general health argument against meat, but he acknowledges some legitimate health advantages to a vegetarian diet.  Point is that cereal fermentation might be part of the process that helps us tolerate the protein putrefication and excess bile of meat and fat.   
 +
 
 +
:*espouses what I'm calling the "consensus healthy diet"  - movement away from industrial processed food.
 +
 
 +
===Sonnenbergs, C 1, "What is the Microbiota and Why Should I Care?"===
 +
 
 +
:*How the world looks to a microbiologist! "Without microbes humans wouldn't exist, but if we all disappeared, few of them would notice." 10
 +
:*Introduction to the Tube and digestion
 +
:*Microbiota Case against the Western Diet
 +
::*Sets the history of human diet in context. Agriculture already a big change, but then industrial ag / industrial foods
 +
::*Adaptability of M remarkable.  Makes us omnivores.
 +
::*Baseline M - cant' be health Western Diet eaters.  studies of groups like Hadza -- far more diverse.
 +
::*19 - Evolved Symbiotic relationship between us and bacteria --
 +
:::*types of symbiotic relationship - parasitic, commensal (one party benefits, little or no effect on the other), mutualism.
 +
:::*The heart warming story of Tremblaya princeps and Moranella endobia.  (21)  -- why we should be happy mutualists.  Delegation and division of labor might create resiliance.
 +
:*22-30 - Cultural History and History of Science on Bacteria
 +
::*The Great Stink 1858 London, Miasma theory disproved, Cholera bacterium, not isolated until near end of century.  Dr. Robert Koch.   
 +
::*60-70's: Abaigail Salyers: early pioneer, 2008: Human Microbiome Project
 +
::*Contemporary research: gnotobiotic mice.  early fecal transplant studies of [[https://gordonlab.wustl.edu/index_2017.html Dr. Jeffrey Gordon]].
 +
 
 +
===Philosophical Implications of the Microbiome===
 +
 
 +
*The Microbiome research we are reading seems to have implications for the following course research questions:
 +
:*1. What is food?
 +
:*5. What are the challenges of nutrition science as a field of knowledge and what is the state of knowledge about nutrition, broadly?
 +
:*6. What is a nutritious diet?
 +
:*10. How should I critically assess my own food practices in light of my understanding of the nature of food and food culture?
 +
 
 +
:Here are some possible theoretical claims for you to evaluate in terms of their plausibility and their own implications:
 +
::*Your food doesn't just feed you.
 +
::*Your food doesn't just nourish you, it also supplies a pharmacy in your gut.  These effects cut across the health spectrum and life span.
 +
::*You exist as a distinct organism, but you cannot survive outside of the symbiotic relationships you have with bacteria and other organisms that call you home.
 +
::*Mental health is influenced by the health of our M.
 +
::*We have co-evolved with our Microbiome.
 +
::*The interic nervous system is an ecology.
 +
::*Some of the requirements of industrial food production are at odds with the requirements of a health Microbiome.   
 +
 
 +
:*In small group discussion, consider how information about the Microbiome might change your approach to questions like "What is Food?"  Then look over the proposed philosophical implications above. Are they too strong?  Warranted?  Do you have sceptical doubts about using this research to alter your view of these research questions?

Revision as of 20:58, 30 January 2018

JAN 30: 4

Microbiome Movie Notes

Montgomery, David and anne Bilke, "What Your Microbiome Wants for Dinner"

  • Digestion Basics
  • good introduction to digestion.
  • inverse relation between complexity of the food molecule and how far it continues to contribute to digestion as it moves through the tube.
  • note distinct environments of the tract and their respective "ecologies" - 7 quarts of fluids through small intestine.
  • genomic "division of labor" -- our genes code for 20 enzymes to break down complex carbs but our bacterial guests code for 260 enzymes for that purpose.
  • Microbiota (M) like a pharmacy.
  • Grain Wreck
  • Chemistry of Typical cereal crop seed --
  • Note that you lose the fats in the grain to stabilize it for production purposes. Fats go rancid. Also, white bread is sweet to the taste. Because it's already breaking down into sugars (simpler carbs) even in your mouth.
  • historical point: total carb consumption stable over 20th c US, but types of carbs changed. Whole grains and rate of sugar absorbtion (tracked by "glycemic index")
  • Meat
  • Protein Putrefication (Does this happen alot?) - compounds produced by undigested meat in large intestine interferes with butyrate production -- important for general colonic health. Thinning of bacterial density leaves openning for pathogens and physical damage.
  • High fat diets can lead to higher rates of bile in the large intestine, which it doesn't handle well. secondary bile acids.
  • Needn't be a general health argument against meat, but he acknowledges some legitimate health advantages to a vegetarian diet. Point is that cereal fermentation might be part of the process that helps us tolerate the protein putrefication and excess bile of meat and fat.
  • espouses what I'm calling the "consensus healthy diet" - movement away from industrial processed food.

Sonnenbergs, C 1, "What is the Microbiota and Why Should I Care?"

  • How the world looks to a microbiologist! "Without microbes humans wouldn't exist, but if we all disappeared, few of them would notice." 10
  • Introduction to the Tube and digestion
  • Microbiota Case against the Western Diet
  • Sets the history of human diet in context. Agriculture already a big change, but then industrial ag / industrial foods
  • Adaptability of M remarkable. Makes us omnivores.
  • Baseline M - cant' be health Western Diet eaters. studies of groups like Hadza -- far more diverse.
  • 19 - Evolved Symbiotic relationship between us and bacteria --
  • types of symbiotic relationship - parasitic, commensal (one party benefits, little or no effect on the other), mutualism.
  • The heart warming story of Tremblaya princeps and Moranella endobia. (21) -- why we should be happy mutualists. Delegation and division of labor might create resiliance.
  • 22-30 - Cultural History and History of Science on Bacteria
  • The Great Stink 1858 London, Miasma theory disproved, Cholera bacterium, not isolated until near end of century. Dr. Robert Koch.
  • 60-70's: Abaigail Salyers: early pioneer, 2008: Human Microbiome Project
  • Contemporary research: gnotobiotic mice. early fecal transplant studies of [Dr. Jeffrey Gordon].

Philosophical Implications of the Microbiome

  • The Microbiome research we are reading seems to have implications for the following course research questions:
  • 1. What is food?
  • 5. What are the challenges of nutrition science as a field of knowledge and what is the state of knowledge about nutrition, broadly?
  • 6. What is a nutritious diet?
  • 10. How should I critically assess my own food practices in light of my understanding of the nature of food and food culture?
Here are some possible theoretical claims for you to evaluate in terms of their plausibility and their own implications:
  • Your food doesn't just feed you.
  • Your food doesn't just nourish you, it also supplies a pharmacy in your gut. These effects cut across the health spectrum and life span.
  • You exist as a distinct organism, but you cannot survive outside of the symbiotic relationships you have with bacteria and other organisms that call you home.
  • Mental health is influenced by the health of our M.
  • We have co-evolved with our Microbiome.
  • The interic nervous system is an ecology.
  • Some of the requirements of industrial food production are at odds with the requirements of a health Microbiome.
  • In small group discussion, consider how information about the Microbiome might change your approach to questions like "What is Food?" Then look over the proposed philosophical implications above. Are they too strong? Warranted? Do you have sceptical doubts about using this research to alter your view of these research questions?
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